Characterization of Iron Phthalocyanine as the Cathode Active Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

The developed thermodynamic functions for the determination of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of formation of solid lithium-iron phthalocyanine (Li x FePc) from solid lithium and iron phthalocyanine as a function of x, defined as g-moles of the intercalated lithium per g-mole of iron phthalocyanine, at a fixed set of temperature and pressure conditions are presented. In addition, a proposed expression for the evaluation of lithium diffusion coefficient in solid iron phthalocyanine as a function of both x and temperature, and the experimental results from the ongoing research/development work on the lithium/iron phthalocyanine cells are included.

Thermal Energy Production and Heat Exchange between an Electrochemical Cell and Its Surroundings

“…On recognition of the need for the development of cleaner and more efficient electrical energy production and storage systems, fundamentals of "Electrochemical Engineering Science" have been applied to acquire the in-depth understanding and accurate formulation of the various transport and electrochemical reaction processes involved in the electrochemical systems such as the polymer electrolyte and battery systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Some examples of the systems utilizing primary/secondary batteries are: national defense systems, ships and airplanes, trucks and cars, laptops, calculators, cell phones, smoke detectors, subway backup power, hearing aids, cameras, clocks, etc.…”