Characterization of ladle furnace basic slag for use as a construction material

Evaluation of trace element availability from secondary metallurgical slag generated in steelmaking by sequential chemical extraction

“…As an example, the larnite phase [Ca 2 SiO 4 ] generally found in calcium silicate slags undergoes a phase transformation from a'-Ca 2 SiO 4 to b-Ca 2 SiO 4 at a temperature above 775°C and a further conversion to c-Ca 2 SiO 4 at a temperature range of Fig. 1 The experimental regime from sampling to sequential extraction and respective XRD analyses of parallel extractions 450-525°C (Manso et al 2005;Setien et al 2009). The latter phase transformation is known to be accompanied by a volume increase of approximately 10 % due to differing crystal structures and respective densities of the two phases (Manso et al 2005;Setien et al 2009;Shi 2002;Shi and Hu 2003).…”

“…According to Setien et al (2009), the discussed phase transformations of larnite and hydration of possibly occurring free oxides of calcium and magnesium are the most important morphology-related transformations which can be applied to secondary metallurgical slags. The transformations take place relatively early after slag generation: larnite-related transformations during the temperature decrease of molten slag, and the hydration of free calcium and magnesium oxides during the following hours or days of subsequent exposure to weathering.…”

“…The transformations take place relatively early after slag generation: larnite-related transformations during the temperature decrease of molten slag, and the hydration of free calcium and magnesium oxides during the following hours or days of subsequent exposure to weathering. Potential later changes, such as hydration of calcium aluminates or carbonation of portlandite, are not likely to induce any further changes in the morphology of secondary steelmaking slags (Setien et al 2009). …”

“…1 The experimental regime from sampling to sequential extraction and respective XRD analyses of parallel extractions 450-525°C (Manso et al 2005;Setien et al 2009). The latter phase transformation is known to be accompanied by a volume increase of approximately 10 % due to differing crystal structures and respective densities of the two phases (Manso et al 2005;Setien et al 2009;Shi 2002;Shi and Hu 2003). In addition, the hydration of free calcium and magnesium oxide to portlandite and brucite, respectively, are known to be associated with a volume increase of even 100 % (Manso et al 2005;Setien et al 2009).…”

Performance of steel-making slag concrete reinforced with fibers

“…So, an outdoor weathering and some additional cautions are necessary to prevent the occurrence of any expansive phenomena [2][3][4][5][6]. In the last decades, important works on EAFS [7][8][9][10] and LFS characterization [11][12][13] have been published; it has been demonstrated the suitability of both slags in different applications, such as bituminous mixtures [14][15][16][17][18], concrete and mortars [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], selfcompacting concrete [35][36][37], making clinker [38], soil stabilization [39][40][41] and others [42,43]. Despite these recycling possibilities, in Spain, approximately 23% of the electric slag is accumulated in landfill sites.…”