Characterization of myenteric interneurons with somatostatin immunoreactivity in the guinea-pig small intestine

Song, Zhenghua; Brookes, Simon J.; Ramsay, G.A; Costa, M.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00605-7

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Somatostatin-IR is found in a subset of descending myenteric neurons in the guinea pig small intestine (Song et al, 1997). In the present study, we found numerous somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve fibers running through myenteric ganglia and interganglionic fiber tracts and only a minimal number of nerve cell bodies in freshly fixed preparations.…”

Section: Somatostatinsupporting

confidence: 62%

Chemical coding and electrophysiology of enteric neurons expressing neurofilament 145 in guinea pig gastrointestinal tract

Hu¹,

Gao²,

Zhong³

et al. 2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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Electrophysiologic recording and indirect immunofluorescence were combined to study localization of the medium-sized neurofilament 145 (NF145) component of the cytoskeleton in morphologically identified neurons in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the guinea pig enteric nervous system. Neuronal localization of chemical markers, including calbindin DK28, calretinin, nitric oxide synthase, choline-acetyltransferase, neuropeptide Y, serotonin, neurokinin 1 receptor protein, and somatostatin, was integrated with electrophysiologic and morphologic results for a more complete assessment. NF145 immunoreactivity (-IR) was present in ganglion cells with Dogiel type I morphology in the myenteric plexus of the stomach and small and large intestine. NF145-IR was not found in myenteric ganglion cells with Dogiel type II morphology. NF145-IR was not present in any of the ganglion cells in the submucosal plexus. NF145 was expressed in nerve fibers in both myenteric and submucosal plexuses. The majority of these fibers were identified as sympathetic postganglionic axons based on their disappearance in organotypic culture and on their expression of tyrosine hydroxylase. The myenteric ganglion cells with NF145-IR had electrophysiologic properties of S-type enteric neurons. NF145-IR was found in neurons with vasoactive intestinal peptide, serotonin, nitric oxide synthase, somatostatin, and neurokinin 1 receptor but not with neuropeptide Y or calbindin. The results in general suggest that NF145 is localized to distinct subsets of myenteric motor neurons and interneurons. Absence of NF145 from ganglion cells in the submucosal plexus is an example of differences between myenteric and submucosal components of the enteric nervous system.

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Section: Somatostatinsupporting

confidence: 62%

Chemical coding and electrophysiology of enteric neurons expressing neurofilament 145 in guinea pig gastrointestinal tract

Hu¹,

Gao²,

Zhong³

et al. 2001

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…This finding suggests that the functional outputs of individual neurones in intact preparations, as well as their responses to the nAChR blockers, are moulded by the inputs they receive and that the anisotropy of the myenteric plexus architecture relative to that of the submucous plexus accentuates this effect. In particular, while the neuronal projections in the submucous plexus are relatively short (р3·mm) and symmetrical along the longitudinal axis (Song et al, 1992), the projections for sensory neurones and interneurones in the myenteric plexus are short in the oral direction (р10-20·mm) but very long in the aboral direction (у110-120·mm) (Brookes et al, 1997;Song et al, 1996Song et al, , 1997bSong et al, , 1998. Furthermore, the different classes of interneurones in ascending and descending pathways may contribute to the intrinsic directionality of the myenteric plexus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their oral-aboral polarity was not preserved. Considering the well-established longitudinal asymmetry of the myenteric circuits (Brookes et al, 1997;Song et al, 1996Song et al, , 1997bSong et al, , 1998, we suspected that circuit directionality might underlie the contrasting effects of nAChR antagonists in the myenteric plexus. We therefore resorted to dual stimulation.…”

Section: Functionally Important Nachrs In the Guinea-pig Myenteric Plmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical studies of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the guinea-pig enteric nervous system

Obaid

Nelson

Lindstrom

et al. 2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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ErratumObaid, A. L., Nelson, M. E., Lindstrom, J. and Salzberg, B. M. (2005). Optical studies of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the guinea-pig enteric nervous system. J. Exp. Biol. 208, 2981-3001. In the original published on-line version of this paper, the acceptance date was incorrect. It should have read 2 June 2005. The error has been rectified and the current on-line version and print versions are correct.We apologise to authors and readers for any inconvenience this may have caused. 2981Decoding the structure and function of native nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is complex. Although the expression of defined combinations of nAChR-subunits in Xenopus oocytes permits the comparison of pharmacological properties of individual nAChR-subtypes, single neurones often express more than one subtype, making the physiological roles of nAChRs in intact neuronal networks difficult to assess (Colquhoun and Patrick, 1997). The function of a given nAChR depends upon its pre-, post-or peri-synaptic location as well as the activity of neighbouring non-nicotinic receptors. In addition, the properties of any neuronal ensemble depend not only on the intrinsic conductances of its neurones and the specific attributes of its many synapses but also on the complex and nonlinear dynamic interactions that result from the multiple parallel connectivity of its component cells (Parsons et al., 1991). Therefore, to understand nicotinic responses at the network level, it is necessary to record at high spatial and temporal resolution to characterize the behaviour of individual neurones and at lower spatial resolution to capture a panoramic view of network activity and to assess the directionality of the nicotinic pathways along the circumferential as well as the longitudinal axes.The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates most gastrointestinal functions. Its neurones are clustered in ganglia that interconnect to form distinct plexuses in the gut wall: the myenteric plexus lies between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers, and the submucous plexus between the circular muscle layer and the mucosa. The behaviour of the effector Nicotinic transmission in the enteric nervous system (ENS) is extensive, but the role of individual nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in the functional connectivity of its plexuses has been elusive. Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against neuronal α3-, α4-, α3/α5-, β2-, β4-and α7-subunits, combined with radioimmunoassays and immunocytochemistry, we demonstrate that guinea-pig enteric ganglia contain all of these nAChR-subunits with the exception of α4, and so, differ from mammalian brain. This information alone, however, is insufficient to establish the functional role of the identified nAChR-subtypes within the enteric networks and, ultimately, their specific contributions to gastrointestinal physiology. We have used voltagesensitive dyes and a high-speed CCD camera, in conjunction with specific antagonists to various nAChRs, to elucidate some of the distinct cont...

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“…Regardless, detection of PrP Sc in SOM + descending interneurons early in disease progression has implications for neural dissemination. SOM + descending interneurons form a synaptic network that may descend the length of the small intestine--from duodenum to ileum, at least in guinea pigs [9,33,34,42]. If this also occurs in sheep, then prion dissemination through SOM + descending interneurons might account for the observed oral spread of prion from the ileum to duodenum [3,47].…”

Section: Implications Of Som + Descending Interneurons Targeted By Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myenteric neurons of the ileum that express somatostatin are a target of prion neuroinvasion in an alimentary model of sheep scrapie

et al. 2008

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Neuroinvasion of the enteric nervous system by prions is an important step in dissemination to the brain, yet very little is known about the basic process of enteric neuroinvasion. Using an alimentary model of neonatal disease transmission, neuroinvasion by scrapie prions in the ileum of lambs was detected by immunohistochemical staining for the disease-associated form of the prion protein, PrP Sc . Odds ratios (OR) were determined for the frequency of PrP Sc staining within enteric somata categorized by plexus location (myenteric, submucosal) and neurochemical staining (PGP 9.5, neural nitric oxide synthase, somatostatin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide). PrP Sc was observed in 4.48 § 4.26% of myenteric neurons and 2.57 § 1.82% of submucosal neurons in Wve lambs aged 208-226 days but not in a lamb aged 138 days. The relative frequency of PrP Sc within enteric somata was interdependent on plexus location and neurochemical type. Interestingly, PrP Sc was observed more frequently within myenteric neurons than in submucosal neurons (PGP 9.5; OR = 1.72, 95% conWdence interval = 1.21-2.44), and was observed within the myenteric plexus approximately 4£ (2.16-6.94) more frequently in somatostatin neurons than in the general neural population stained by PGP 9.5. Nerve Wbers stained for somatostatin were present in the mucosa and near PrP Sc staining within Peyer's patches. The results suggest that somatostatin-expressing enteric neurons, with Wber projections near Peyer's patches, but with somata present in greatest proportion within the myenteric plexus, are an early target for neuroinvasion by scrapie prions and could serve an important role in neural dissemination.

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Characterization of myenteric interneurons with somatostatin immunoreactivity in the guinea-pig small intestine

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Chemical coding and electrophysiology of enteric neurons expressing neurofilament 145 in guinea pig gastrointestinal tract

Chemical coding and electrophysiology of enteric neurons expressing neurofilament 145 in guinea pig gastrointestinal tract

Optical studies of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the guinea-pig enteric nervous system

Myenteric neurons of the ileum that express somatostatin are a target of prion neuroinvasion in an alimentary model of sheep scrapie

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