Characterization of organic components in a municipal water supply

Kleopfer, Robert D.; Fairless, Billy J.

doi:10.1021/es60071a006

Cited by 68 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, as a septic odorant, has been discovered in drinking water contaminated by industrial outfall (Kleopfer and Fairless, 1972;Steltenpohl and Graczova, 2008). This odorant was also detected in Huangpu River source water in our previous investigation (Yu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Odorant Removal In Wtpsupporting

confidence: 53%

Simultaneous removal of multiple odorants from source water suffering from septic and musty odors: Verification in a full-scale water treatment plant with ozonation

Guo

Yang

et al. 2016

Water Research

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a b s t r a c tOzonation is known to be very effective in the removal of odorants from source water. However, it is not known if ozonation is effective in the removal of multiple odorants causing different types of odors. In this study, the removal performance for odors and odorants were evaluated in a Water Treatment Plant (WTP), which was equipped with coagulation, sedimentation, ozonation, biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration, sand filtration, and chlorination in succession and located in the downstream of the Huangpu (HP) River, over the period from April, 2014 to April, 2015. Flavor profile analysis (FPA) results showed that the source water was constantly associated with septic and musty odors. Geosmin and 2-MIB, with an average OAV of 4.54 and 1.38, respectively, were the major odorants for musty odor, while bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, DEDS and DMDS with an average OAV of 2.35, 1.65 and 0.78, respectively, might be responsible for the septic odor. While the musty odor could be removed effectively through the combination of ozonation and BAC, the septic odor and associated odorants required further treatment with sand filtration and chlorination for complete removal. It is clear that the advanced treatment process was effective for the treatment of source water containing complicated odorants. It should be noted that the sedimentation process needs careful management because release of odorants may occur during the treatment. The result of this study will be helpful for the mitigation of odors in WTP using source waters suffering from complicated odor problems.

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Section: Odorant Removal In Wtpsupporting

confidence: 53%

Simultaneous removal of multiple odorants from source water suffering from septic and musty odors: Verification in a full-scale water treatment plant with ozonation

Guo

Yang

et al. 2016

Water Research

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“…The cyanobacterial blooms in Taihu Lake, the major water source of the HP River, have been improved due to extensive water pollution control efforts in the region (Xu et al, 2010), which might be a part of the reason for the disappearance of DMTS. Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, as a septic odorant, has been discovered in drinking water contaminated by industrial outfall (Kleopfer and Fairless, 1972;Steltenpohl and Graczova, 2008). Its OTC was evaluated to be 17 ng/L by the 3-alternative forced choice (3-AFC) method (ASTM, 1997), as shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Odorant Identification By Combining the Data From Gc-o/ms Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of complex septic odorants in Huangpu River source water by combining the data from gas chromatography-olfactometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using retention indices

Guo

Yang

Wen

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Identification of the trace odorants causing the septic odors in source waters with complex matrixes has long been a big challenge. The Huangpu (HP) River, an important source water for Shanghai, has long been suffering from septic and musty odors, although major odorants have not been identified. In this study, combining the data from gas chromatography-olfactometry with mass spectrometry (GC-O/MS) and comprehensive twodimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) using retention indices (RIs) was used for the identification of odorants in HP source water. Olfactometry peaks detected in water extracts by GC-O/MS were combined with the chromatography peaks detected by GC × GC-TOFMS based on the RIs determined using the retention times (RTs) of alkanes C7-C30. A total of thirteen olfactometry peaks were obtained though GC-O/MS analysis, and potential odorants corresponding to each of the olfactometry peaks were screened based on the odor characteristics and match similarity using GC × GC-TOFMS. Finally, fourteen odorants (one odorant was detected in GC × GC-TOFMS without an olfactometry peak), including three septic odorants (bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, diethyl disulfide and dimethyl disulfide) and two musty ones (geosmin and 2-MIB), were confirmed by using authentic standards. The septic and musty odorants in six Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v source water samples taken over a period of six months were quantified. Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, with an odor activity value (OAV) of 1.84-3.2, was found to be a major septic odorant in HP source water, followed by diethyl disulfide (OAV 1.56-1.96) and dimethyl disulfide (OAV 0.37-2.42), while geosmin (OAV 4.37-11.44) was the major musty odorant, followed by 2-MIB (OAV 1.13-1.89). This is the first comprehensive study focusing on the identification of odorants in a complex source water. The integrated approach used in this study could be applied for the identification of odorants in other complex source waters suffering similar odor problems.

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“…Both bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (BCE) and bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether have been found in U.S. municipal drinking water (EPA, 1975;Kleupfer and Fairless, 1972) and in surface waters (Rosen et al, 1963). BCE was mutagenic in 5. typhimurium TA1535 and TA100 and weakly mutagenic in TA1538 and TA98 and E. coli WP2 when tested in desiccators to contain the volatile fumes (Simmon et al, 1977).…”

Section: [247]mentioning

confidence: 99%