“…Ion-pairing layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a versatile assembly technique based upon the alternate adsorption of oppositely charged polyions onto a surface . LbL films have found widespread applications in drug delivery, − antifouling coatings, , polymer electrolytes, − batteries, ,− solar cells, , optics, and sensors. − The growth and properties of LbL films can be manipulated by varying several external parameters such as assembly solution pH, − ionic strength, , salt type, − and temperature. , …”