Characterization of Phytophthora hybrids from ITS clade 6 associated with riparian ecosystems in South Africa and Australia

Nagel, Jan Hendrik; Gryzenhout, Marieka; Slippers, Bernard; Wingfield, Michael J.; Hardy, G.; Stukely, M.; Burgess, Treena I.

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.03.004

Cited by 61 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Sampling in the current study focussed only on soil and, as such, we may have missed a significant component of the Phytophthoradiversity. However, in the current study we sampled many more sites over a larger geographical area than any previous studies, and detected phylotypes of all the Clade 6 species (P. inundata, P. amnicola, P. thermophila, P. litoralis, P. fluvialis and P. moyootj) previously isolated from water bodies in Australia Hüberli et al 2013;Nagel et al 2013;Burgess 2015;Dunstan et al 2016). In particular, two species, P. thermophila and P. litoralis, were common in all states and although they were first reported from water they are also now commonly isolated from soil (CPSM database).…”

Section: Phytophthora Species Detected Within Australiamentioning

confidence: 75%

Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia

Burgess

White

McDougall

et al. 2017

Pac. Conserv. Biol.

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The introduction and subsequent impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi within native vegetation is one of the major conservation issues for biodiversity in Australia. Recently, many new Phytophthora species have been described from Australia's native ecosystems; however, their distribution, origin, and potential impact remain unknown. Historical bias in Phytophthora detection has been towards sites showing symptoms of disease, and traditional isolation methods show variable effectiveness of detecting different Phytophthora species. However, we now have at our disposal new techniques based on the sampling of environmental DNA and metabarcoding through the use of highthroughput sequencing. Here, we report on the diversity and distribution of Phytophthora in Australia using metabarcoding of 640 soil samples and we compare the diversity detected using this technique with that available in curated databases. Phytophthora was detected in 65% of sites, and phylogenetic analysis revealed 68 distinct Phytophthora phylotypes. Of these, 21 were identified as potentially unique taxa and 25 were new detections in natural areas and/or new introductions to Australia. There are 66 Phytophthora taxa listed in Australian databases, 43 of which were also detected in this metabarcoding study. This study revealed high Phytophthora richness within native vegetation and the additional records provide a valuable baseline resource for future studies. Many of the Phytophthora species now uncovered in Australia's native ecosystems are newly described and until more is known we need to be cautious with regard to the spread and conservation management of these new species in Australia's unique ecosystems.

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Section: Phytophthora Species Detected Within Australiamentioning

confidence: 75%

Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia

Burgess

White

McDougall

et al. 2017

Pac. Conserv. Biol.

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“…These isolates were not be included in the ITS analyses because they gave rise to unusable data, characterized by double peaks in the chromatograms at specific sites. These isolates had been characterized and shown to be interspecific hybrids (Nagel et al 2013b). Isolates identified in the coxI phylogeny as P. amnicola were characterized as hybrids between P. amnicola and P. chlamydospora, previously known as P. taxon PgChlamydo (Hansen et al 2015) and were named Phytophthora amnicola 3 Phytophthora taxon PgChlamydo (A-PG) (Nagel et al a Hybrid identity: T-A 5 P. thermophila 3 P. amnicola; A-PG 5 P. amnicola 3 P. taxon PgChlamydo.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two hybrid species from South Africa that were characterized by Nagel et al (2013b) were dominant in the sampled river. Isolates of T-A made up approximately 40% and those of A-PG 30% of the total isolates recovered in this study.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hybrid species described in Nagel et al (2013b), P. thermophila 3 P. amnicola (T-A) and P. amnicola 3 P. taxon PgChlamydo (A-PG) were the most frequently sampled. Isolates of A-PG were recovered from all sampling sites, although most frequently from Site 2, Isolates of T-A also were recovered from all five sampling sites, but were most prevalent at sites 3 and 4.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are well known plant pathogens in South Africa (Nagel et al 2013a) and include root rot of avocado (Persea americana) (Zentmyer 1979, Lonsdale et al 1988) and grapevine (Vitis spp.) (van der Merwe et al 1972, Marais 1979 caused by P. cinnamomi, and rot and wilt of several solanaceous and cucurbitaceous crops caused by P. capsici (Thompson et al 1994;Labuschagne et al 2000Labuschagne et al , 2003Meitz et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MultiplePhytophthoraspecies associated with a single riparian ecosystem in South Africa

Nagel¹,

Slippers²,

Wingfield

et al. 2015

Mycologia

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The diversity of Phytophthora spp. in rivers and riparian ecosystems has received considerable international attention, although little such research has been conducted in South Africa. This study determined the diversity of Phytophthora spp. within a single river in Gauteng province of South Africa. Samples were collected over 1 y including biweekly river baiting with Rhododendron indicum leaves. Phytophthora isolates were identified with phylogenetic analyses of sequences for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (coxI) gene. Eight Phytophthora spp. were identified, including a new taxon, P. taxon Sisulu-river, and two hybrid species from Cooke's ITS clade 6. Of these, species from Clade 6 were the most abundant, including P. chlamydospora and P. lacustris. Species residing in Clade 2 also were encountered, including P. multivora, P. plurivora and P. citrophthora. The detection of eight species in this investigation of Phytophthora diversity in a single riparian river ecosystem in northern South Africa adds to the known diversity of this genus in South Africa and globally.

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