Characterization of Polymorphic States in Energetic Samples of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) Fabricated Using Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Technology

Emmons, Erik D.; Farrell, Mikella E.; Holthoff, Ellen L.; Tripathi, Ashish; Green, Norman; Moon, Raphael; Guicheteau, Jason A.; Christesen, Steven D.; Pellegrino, Paul M.; Fountain, Augustus W.

doi:10.1366/12-06608

Cited by 35 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is important to note that in some cases the polymorphic state of a material can be altered by the deposition process. This phenomenon has been discussed elsewhere as it applies to drop-on-demand inkjet printing and continues to be investigated by the authors [9,25,26]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Standardized Sample Preparation Using a Drop-on-Demand Printing Platform

Holthoff

Farrell

Pellegrino

2013

Sensors

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Abstract:Hazard detection systems must be evaluated with appropriate test material concentrations under controlled conditions in order to accurately identify and quantify unknown residues commonly utilized in theater. The existing assortment of hazard reference sample preparation methods/techniques presents a range of variability and reproducibility concerns, making it increasingly difficult to accurately assess optically-based detection technologies. To overcome these challenges, we examined the optimization, characterization, and calibration of microdroplets from a drop-on-demand microdispenser that has a proven capability for the preparation of energetic reference materials. Research presented herein focuses on the development of a simplistic instrument calibration technique and sample preparation protocol for explosive materials testing based on drop-on-demand technology. Droplet mass and reproducibility were measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy. The results presented here demonstrate the operational factors that influence droplet dispensing for specific materials (e.g., energetic and interferents). Understanding these parameters permits the determination of droplet and sample uniformity and reproducibility (typical R 2 values of 0.991, relative standard deviation or RSD ≤ 5%), and thus the demonstrated maturation of a successful and robust methodology for energetic sample preparation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Standardized Sample Preparation Using a Drop-on-Demand Printing Platform

Holthoff

Farrell

Pellegrino

2013

Sensors

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“…Raman and Raman-based detection systems rely on specific vibrations within a molecule from which a fingerprint spectrum is produced 14,60,78,79,[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] . This fingerprint spectrum can be used for the identification, and in some cases quantification, of unknown materials.…”

Section: Brief Review Of Some Current Techniques Utilized For the Detmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible SERS-based substrates: challenges and opportunities toward an Army relevant universal sensing platform

2015

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Generally the fabrication, assembly and evaluation of plasmonic nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates has focused on static rigid substrates such as glass and silicon. However, these static substrates severely limit the application of plasmonic nanostructures as (i) they provide no means to alter the state of assembly of the nanostructures once they are formed or anchored on the surface i.e., not reconfigurable; and (ii) preclude applications which demand non-planar, flexible or conformal surfaces. The above considerations has led to the development of a novel class of SERS substrates based on flexible substrates such paper, polymer membranes and electrospun fibers. These flexible SERS media based on unconventional substrates such as paper offer distinct advantages compared to the conventional SERS substrates in that (i) flexible nature of the substrate enables conformal contact with the surfaces under investigation leading to efficient sample collection; (ii) porous nature of the SERS substrate (interstices between the fibers) provides efficient access to the analytes; (iii) high surface area of the 3D paper substrate results in large dynamic range of the chemical sensors; (iv) intricate network of fibers decorated with metal nanoparticles can provide potentially high density of electromagnetic hotspots; (v) intense light scattering caused by the fibrous structure of the substrate (e.g., paper) enables efficient light-metal interaction; and (vi) facile fabrication leads to efficient, robust, reliable, reusable and cost-effective SERS substrates. In this presentation, we will focus on the Army need for a more flexible (substrate surface and application) SERS substrate for universal sensing. This presentation will leverage from material presented at a flexible SERS (May 2014) workshop hosted by Dr. Srikanth Singamaneni at Washington University.

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“…8 The presence of the different polymorphic phases of RDX deposited on a surface using inkjet printing was investigated using Raman chemical imaging. 9 The Raman chemical imaging system indicated that varying polymorphs of RDX existed on the surface depending on the deposited concentration of RDX. The authors pointed out that knowledge of such polymorphism for inkjet-printed standards is important when considering spectral features used for sample identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopic Evaluation of Inkjet Printed Standards of Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) on Aluminum Substrates

et al. 2018

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The Department of Defense (DOD) and first responder communities are evaluating and developing optical systems for the detection and identification of explosives and components used for assembling homemade explosives (HMEs). Emerging detection technologies must be evaluated with authentic hazard material concentrations to ensure their accurate and reliable use in the field. In this work, infrared (IR) reflectance spectra over the spectral rage of 1000-1700 cm -1 were collected for different concentrations of inkjet-printed RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine) samples deposited onto aluminum substrates. A plot of the integrated area of both the symmetric and asymmetric NO 2 vibrational bands for RDX on aluminum exhibited good linearity over the concentration range 20-500 mg/cm 2 . Detection limits for RDX on an aluminum surface were calculated to be 10.7 mg/cm 2 for the symmetric NO 2 vibrational band and 1.4 mg/cm 2 for the asymmetric NO 2 vibrational band. Evaluation of the NO 2 vibrational band areas at different locations of the RDX array demonstrated that the samples exhibited good homogeneity across the surface. The concentration of an unknown sample of RDX on aluminum was determined using the fitted equations; results showed good agreement between the calculated and actual RDX surface concentration. The lot-to-lot variation of RDX on the aluminum surface was compared using the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectral band areas for two different lots of standards printed at the same RDX surface concentration. Results showed excellent lot-to-lot agreement indicating good reproducibility of the standards for RDX.

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Characterization of Polymorphic States in Energetic Samples of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) Fabricated Using Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Technology

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Standardized Sample Preparation Using a Drop-on-Demand Printing Platform

Standardized Sample Preparation Using a Drop-on-Demand Printing Platform

Flexible SERS-based substrates: challenges and opportunities toward an Army relevant universal sensing platform

Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopic Evaluation of Inkjet Printed Standards of Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) on Aluminum Substrates

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