Characterization of production processes for tetanus and diphtheria anatoxins

Characterization and evaluation of the enzymatic activity of tetanus toxin submitted to cobalt-60 gamma radiation

“…TeNT is obtained through cultivation of Clostridium tetani by continuous fermentation. After growth and bacterial lysis, the toxin is obtained by tangential filtration and concentrated by 30 kDa membranes [ 36 ].…”

Proteomics of diphtheria toxoid vaccines reveals multiple proteins that are immunogenic and may contribute to protection of humans against Corynebacterium diphtheriae

“…This hypothesis seems plausible, when the production process is analyzed in detail. After cultivation of the most common used toxigenic vaccine strain of C. diphtheriae PW8 [33] in beefderived peptides or casein hydrolysate, the bacteria are removed by centrifugation [28,34,35]. For inactivation of the secreted diphtheria toxin, 0.75 % of formaldehyde is added to the supernatant and the solution incubated for up to six weeks at °C [35][36][37].…”

“…After cultivation of the most common used toxigenic vaccine strain of C. diphtheriae PW8 [33] in beefderived peptides or casein hydrolysate, the bacteria are removed by centrifugation [28,34,35]. For inactivation of the secreted diphtheria toxin, 0.75 % of formaldehyde is added to the supernatant and the solution incubated for up to six weeks at °C [35][36][37]. After the supernatant is fully detoxified, the toxoid-containing solution is filtered and as further purification and concentration step ammonium sulfate precipitation is often applied, before the toxoid is tested for potency [28,34,35,38].…”

“…For inactivation of the secreted diphtheria toxin, 0.75 % of formaldehyde is added to the supernatant and the solution incubated for up to six weeks at °C [35][36][37]. After the supernatant is fully detoxified, the toxoid-containing solution is filtered and as further purification and concentration step ammonium sulfate precipitation is often applied, before the toxoid is tested for potency [28,34,35,38]. To enhance the immune response, aluminum salts are added as adjuvant to the toxoid vaccine [28].…”

Caracterização e avaliação da atividade enzimática da toxina tetânica submetida à radiação gama por Cobalto 60

“…Ensaios realizados por Guilhen et al212 com a amostra da toxina nas mesmas condições que a nossa, obtiveram resultados parecidos e sugeriram três hipóteses para bandas entre 70 kDa e 60 kDa: em primeiro lugar, a cadeia leve pode ter formado complexos com outras proteínas do meio de cultura ou do próprio microrganismo, em segundo lugar, estas bandas representam outras proteínas do perfil das bandas nos dois géis. O surgimento de novas bandas sugere que a radiação ionizante pode ter causado danos na estrutura primária das proteínas, provavelmente destruindo as ligações covalentes entre os aminoácidos e assim gerando fragmentos de proteínas.…”