“…During the last decade, several research groups have used ion implantation to synthesize both metallic and semiconductor nanocrystals. In this way, discrete single-element nanoparticles of Cu [17,18], Ag [19][20][21], Au [22][23][24], Fe [25], Pt [26], Pb [27], Se [28], Ge [29], and Si [30][31][32][33] have been formed. Compound nanocrystals have also been formed by sequential implantation of the constituent elements -these include InP [34], GaAs [35,36], ZnS [37,38], CdS [38,39], CdSe [39][40][41] and PbS [38], as well as oxides such as VO 2 [42], V 2 O 3 [43], and ZnAl 2 O 4 [44].…”