Characterization of Sodium and Potassium Nitrate Contaminated Polyaniline-Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Composites Synthesized via Facile Solution Casting Technique

Abstract

Fabrication of composites by developing simple techniques can be an effective way to modify some properties of individual materials. The present study relates to facile synthesis of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) contaminated polyaniline (PANI) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) composites without using any additives, plasticizers, or fibers. The physic-chemical and rheological properties of synthesized composites were analyzed. The composites showed enhancement in both storage and loss modules in comparison with the polymer matrices. The dynamic viscosity of the synthesized materials has inverse relation with that of temperature and shear stress. Rheological analysis reveals a continuous drop off in viscosity by increasing shear stress. The flow behavior was affected little by temperature. However, the overall results showed a shear thinning effect suggesting that polymer composites show non-Newtonian behavior. The addition of NaNO3 and KNO3 had a profound effect on shear viscosity of the materials, although the overall shear thinning behavior prevails. The PANI-PEO composite follows, as the first approximation models, both Bingham and modified Bingham models, while the salt contaminated system follows only the Bingham model. Both show shear stress values. The greater values of storage (G′) and loss (G″) modulus of composites than PANI-PEO blend suggests excellent elasticity, better stiffness, and good mechanical strength of the composites. Furthermore, the composites were more thermally stable than pure polymers.

Progress in Conductive Polyaniline-Based Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…30−32 On the other hand, combination of PANI with various polymers/nanomaterials to form blends or composites can be a facile method for the improvement of its mechanical properties. 30,33 For example, Bilal et al studied the rheological properties of polyaniline−poly(ethylene oxide) (PANI-PEO) and their composites with KNO 3 and NaNO 3 . They reported that pyridine is the best solvent for the rheological measure-ments.…”

“…10 °C, the pure PANI-PEO has a lower viscosity than the PANI-PEO-KNO 3 composite, and the viscosities of both composites drop by increasing the temperature to 20 °C. 30 Apart from organic solutions, the rheological properties of the aqueous PANI blends, e.g., polyaniline−poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) dispersion, have also been investigated. The PANI-PVP dispersion is stable enough showing no gelation of precipitates.…”

“…As earlier mentioned, one of the main problems of PANI is its insolubility in common organic solvents. This problem has been solved successfully by developing various approaches for the synthesis of soluble PANI, such as the synthesis of PANI by the microemulsion polymerization or in the presence of oleic acid. − On the other hand, combination of PANI with various polymers/nanomaterials to form blends or composites can be a facile method for the improvement of its mechanical properties. , For example, Bilal et al studied the rheological properties of polyaniline–poly­(ethylene oxide) (PANI-PEO) and their composites with KNO 3 and NaNO 3 . They reported that pyridine is the best solvent for the rheological measurements.…”

“…For instance, at low temperatures, e.g. 10 °C, the pure PANI-PEO has a lower viscosity than the PANI-PEO-KNO 3 composite, and the viscosities of both composites drop by increasing the temperature to 20 °C …”