Characterization of spray atomization and heat transfer for a swirl nozzle

Abstract

This paper presents a serious trial to formulate a model for the whole Egyptian power system network which may be appropriate for academic as well as field research purposes. The model is based on the latest published data taken from the website and annual reports of the Egyptian Ministry of Electricity and Energy (EMEE) in addition to many other resources. This network provides more than 110 billion MWh and is growing steadily with a rate within 7 and 8 percent every year. It is an ideal exemplar for a very hybrid large scale system since it includes all the possible power system technologies. The Egyptian power stations include hydraulic, steam, gas, solar as well as wind farm plants. The next significant part of this paper is to simulate the presented model with one of the most recent computer packages. PSAT has been selected for such simulation since it is a free and open source package that suits complicated and large scale systems with minimum effort. Even if we take only those significant portions of the Egyptian grid, we'll get 731 states (57 buses and 46 synchronous machines in addition to the induction generators of the wind farm) to be simulated and monitored. PSAT as an open source code allows the designer to change the package kernel to lay down such sophisticated model. Other packages are too expensive if one demands versions able to simulate more than specific nodes other the number of nodes which are distributed with the commercial versions. Even so, these packages have prices ranging from $8000 (PSCAD) to $50000 (EDSA). On the other side PSAT is free and can be broadening by professional users to deal with any power system topology. Moreover, it has been found that PSAT application reduces a lot of time in setting up the power system topology and in preparing several additional files for the same case study if it is dealt with other packages.