Characterization of the agenesis of the corpus callosum, through the presentation of a clinical case

Abstract

Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is an anomaly that consists of the partial or total absence, congenitally or due to a neuropathological condition, of this structure, due to alterations in development; thus being defined by its absence and not by its manifestations. The causes of agenesis of the corpus callosum have not yet been clear and it is proposed that it occurs due to multiple factors, such as vitamin deficiency, radiation exposure, prenatal and toxic infections, smoking, maternal diabetes and genetic causes. Prenatal diagnosis can be made by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging from week 20 of gestation. Neuroimaging diagnostic tools are useful and magnetic resonance imaging is one of the ideal and most sensitive methods for postnatal demonstration of the anomaly. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of agenesis of the corpus callosum, through the presentation of a clinical case where the relevant observations that allow its diagnosis are presented. The case presented highlights the importance of considering agenesis of the corpus callosum as a spectrum of clinical conditions that can present with a wide variety of signs and symptoms. In this report, a combination of neurological anomalies is observed, which highlight the complexity and diversity of this condition. Therefore, it is critical that healthcare professionals be alert to potential differential diagnoses and consider agenesis of the corpus callosum in the context of patients with neurological or developmental symptoms.