Characterization of the Beam-Spread Function for Underwater Wireless Optical Communications Links

Cochenour, Brandon; Mullen, Linda; Laux, Alan

doi:10.1109/joe.2008.2005341

Cited by 202 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In laboratory experiments, Maalox solution is known to present excellent scattering characteristics similar to real ocean particles [27,28]. Laux et al experimentally validated the use of Maalox as scattering agent by measuring and comparing its volume scattering function (VSF) against two different measurements in a 3 m laboratory water tank in [27] which can be used as a baseline for determining the amount of Maalox concentration needed to emulate different ocean water types [13,[29][30][31]. Volume (V in μL) of Maalox was calculated and added to the 23 liters of tap water in an orderly fashion based on [27] to produce four ocean waters, namely clear sea water, coastal water, harbor I water, and harbor II water.…”

Section: Experiments Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

375-nm ultraviolet-laser based non-line-of-sight underwater optical communication

Sun¹,

Cai²,

Alkhazragi³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

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Abstract:For circumventing the alignment requirement of line-of-sight (LOS) underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC), we demonstrated a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) UWOC link adequately enhanced using ultraviolet (UV) 375-nm laser. Path loss was chosen as a figure-of-merit for link performance in this investigation, which considers the effects of geometries, water turbidity, and transmission wavelength. The experiments suggest that path loss decreases with smaller azimuth angles, higher water turbidity, and shorter wavelength due in part to enhanced scattering utilizing 375-nm radiation. We highlighted that it is feasible to extend the current findings for long distance NLOS UWOC link in turbid water, such as harbor water.

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Section: Experiments Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

375-nm ultraviolet-laser based non-line-of-sight underwater optical communication

Sun¹,

Cai²,

Alkhazragi³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

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show abstract

“…This classification was made in the upper portions of the ocean, and it was based on spectral irradiance transmittance measurements [29]. The four major water types that are usually referred in the literature are the following [30,31] • Pure deep ocean waters cobalt blue where the absorption is high and the scattering coefficient is low.…”

Section: Aquatic Medium Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2008, Cochenour et al [31], conducted an analysis of multiple scattering special effects. They measured the beam-spread function experimentally in a large test tank, by scanning a photodetector laterally to the beam axis after the beam has propagated some distance.…”

Section: Research On Uowc Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Systems: A Concise Review

Gkoura¹,

Roumelas²,

Nistazakis³

et al. 2017

Turbulence Modelling Approaches - Current State, Development Prospects, Applications

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Underwater optical wireless communications (UOWC) have gained a considerable interest during the last years as an alternative means for broadband inexpensive submarine communications. UOWC present numerous similarities compared to free space optical (FSO) communications or laser satellite links mainly due to the fact that they employ optical wavelengths to transfer secure information between dedicated point-to-point links. By using suitable wavelengths, high data rates can be attained. Some recent works showed that broadband links can be achieved over moderate ranges. Transmissions of several Mbps have been realized in laboratory experiments by employing a simulated aquatic medium with scattering characteristics similar to oceanic waters. It was also demonstrated that UOWC networks are feasible to operate at high data rates for medium distances up to a hundred meters. However, it is not currently available as an industrial product and mainly test-bed measurements in water test tanks have been reported so far. Therefore, extensive research is expected in the near future, which is necessary in order to further reveal the "hidden" abilities of optical spectrum to transfer broadband signals at higher distances. The present work summarizes the recent advances in channel modeling and system analysis and design in the area of UOWC.

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“…By normalizing the VSF by scattering coefficient [10], the scattering phase function (SPF) is described as p(θ) = β(θ)/b. It is noticeable that b, β(θ) and p(θ) are all defined under the condition of a specific optic wavelength λ.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

On stochastic model for underwater wireless optical links

Zhang

Dong

Zhang

2014

2014 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC)

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Light beam suffers attenuation due to absorbtion and multiple scattering when propagating through underwater environment especially in turbid water. The spatial and temporal distribution of photons after propagation can quantify this channel attenuation and therefore is a key issue for underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC). Typically, the spatial distribution of photons consists two key factors which are the moving distance and scattering angle for each photon before and after interacting with a particle, respectively. In this paper, we present a stochastic model for UWOC links by adopting the Henyey-Greenstein (HG) function as probability density function (PDF) of scattering angle and deriving the PDF of step distance for each photon. The proposed stochastic model can be used to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of photons, which fits well with Monte Carlo simulation result in turbid seawater such as coastal water.

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Characterization of the Beam-Spread Function for Underwater Wireless Optical Communications Links

Cited by 202 publications

References 18 publications

375-nm ultraviolet-laser based non-line-of-sight underwater optical communication

375-nm ultraviolet-laser based non-line-of-sight underwater optical communication

Underwater Optical Wireless Communication Systems: A Concise Review

On stochastic model for underwater wireless optical links

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