Characterization of the differentiated antioxidant profile of human saliva

Nagler, Rafael M.; Klein, Itzik; Zarzhevsky, N.; Drigues, Noam; Reznick, Abraham Z.

doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00806-1

Cited by 237 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Figures 3 -6 show that the Sm/Sl glands secrete very highly cytotoxic saliva as compared with that secreted by the parotid gland. An explanation may be that most of the balancing antioxidants in saliva, such as peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and uric acid, are secreted by the parotid and not the Sm/Sl glands, as was recently demonstrated (Nagler et al, 2002a). Accordingly, the injurious agents that produce the lethal oxidative stress, as shown both by the survival and carbonylation assays (Figures 1 and 2), cannot be neutralized in Sm/Sl saliva and are consequently very harmful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Saliva (whole saliva, parotid saliva and SM/SL saliva) was collected under both resting and stimulated conditions from six healthy volunteers (three males and three females, aged 21 -47 years) in a quiet environment between 0800 and noon as previously described (Nagler et al, 1996(Nagler et al, , 2000(Nagler et al, , 2001(Nagler et al, , 2002a. No oral stimulus was permitted for 90 min prior to collection.…”

Section: Saliva Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saliva – a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal cancer

2004

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Oropharyngeal (OP) cancer, which is usually squamous cell carcinoma, is the most common head and neck malignancy and accounts for 2 -4% of all new cancers. It is primarily induced by exposure to tobacco. The paradigm of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced OP cancer's pathogenesis is based on the assumption that a constant direct attack of various CS carcinogens causes widespread accumulating cellular and DNA aberrations in the OP mucosal cells, in turn eventually resulting in malignant transformation. However, there is never a direct contact between CS and the OP mucosa. Saliva, bathing the mucosa from the oral cavity to the larynx, always intervenes, and CS must first interact with saliva before it reaches the mucosa. The current study investigated the role of saliva in the pathogenesis of OP cancer. A synergistic effect of CS and saliva on oral cancer cells was demonstrated. This synergism is based on the reaction between redox active metals in saliva and low reactive free radicals in CS, which results in the production of highly active hydroxyl free radicals. Thus, when exposed to CS, salivary behavior is reversed and the saliva loses its antioxidant capacity and becomes a potent prooxidant milieu. The devastating role of CS-borne aldehydes was demonstrated as well. Based on these results and on our recent reports demonstrating that CS destroys various salivary components, including protective ones such as peroxidase, the most important salivary antioxidant enzyme, a comprehensive view of the pivotal role of saliva in the pathogenesis of CS-induced OP cancer is suggested. Oropharyngeal (OP) cancer, which is usually squamous cell carcinoma, is the most common head and neck malignancy, having a worldwide incidence of over 300 000 new cases each year and accounting for 2 -4% of all new cancers (Bross and Coombes, 1976;McGinnis and Foege, 1993;Collins et al, 1994;Ko et al, 1995;Piyathilake et al, 1995;Zheng et al, 1997;Nagler et al, 1999; Lippman and Hong, 2001). The commonly accepted paradigm for cigarette smoke (CS)-induced OP cancer pathogenesis is based on the assumption that a constant and direct attack of various CS carcinogens causes widespread accumulating cellular and DNA aberrations in the OP mucosa eventually leading to malignant transformation and cancer development. The CS-borne carcinogens are often thought to be free radicals. The process is initially expressed by dysplastic mucosal lesions which are then transformed into in situ carcinoma lesions, eventually resulting in fullblown infiltrating and metastasising OP cancer (Holleb et al, 1991). Chen et al (2002) demonstrated that chewing tobacco (areca quid) resulted in the formation of ROS in the oral cavity causing oxidative DNA damage to the surrounding tissues. Further support can be found in a report demonstrating that premalignant mucosal lesions and low-grade carcinomas express DNA aberrations following a pathway of exposure to free radicals (Sudb et al, 2001). Moreover, Bloching et al (2001) recently found increased genotoxic activity in the saliv...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Saliva Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva – a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal cancer

2004

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“…6 Son yıllarda tükürüğün antioksidan savunma sistemleri önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. 7 Antioksidanlar (AO) tüm vücut sıvılarında ve sekresyonlarında bulunurlar ve hem sistemik, hem de lokal olarak ölçülebilirler. 8 Periodontal hastalıklarda total antioksidan kapasite (TAOK) değerlerinin incelendiği çalışmalarda, genellikle serum, plazma, tükürük ve DOS değerlendirilmiştir.…”

Section: şEkil 1 Taok Tükürük Değerlerinin Gruplar Arası Karşılaştırunclassified

The Effect Of İnitial Periodontal Therapy On Saliva And Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity Of Non-Smoking Periodontitis Patients

Başer¹,

Işık²,

Ateş³

et al. 2015

EÜ Dişhek Fak Derg

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“…Uric acid is the major antioxidant present in the saliva and contributes to approximately 70% of the total antioxidant capacity (38) . Its quantification has been deployed in monitoring the effects of hemodialysis (6) and in the assessment of patients with gout (47) .…”

Section: Non-protein Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva as a diagnostic fluid in sports medicine: potential and limitations

Nunes¹,

Macedo²

2013

J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab.

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The use of saliva in the diagnosis of pathologies and/or monitoring of athletes in competitions or trainings is an attractive alternative due to the fact that samples are easily obtained and it is mostly a less invasive method in comparison with venous blood collection. The saliva is a hypotonic fluid in relation to plasma, containing compounds produced in the salivary glands (immunoglobulin A [IgA] and α-amylase) as well as compounds diffused in the plasma (water, electrolytes, proteins, metabolites and hormones). It plays a pivotal role in the protection of oral mucosa against microbes and in food digestion. Its production and composition depend on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity, whose antagonistic action may result in different saliva volumes with distinct ionic and protein profiles. The aim of this review was to present a critical analysis of the potential and limitations of saliva as a diagnostic tool in sports medicine. Although there are studies that have deployed it to monitor athletes in training and doping, the standardization of some preanalytical variables are still required, among which the following ones are worth mentioning: the accurate choice of collection system, which allows the easy quantification of volume with adequate sample recovery; well-defined collection schedules in accordance with the circadian variations of the analyte; prevention of sample contamination with blood from oral mucosa lesions. Another key point for its application in sports is the establishment of reference intervals for analytes quantified in the saliva, collected from a population that comprises healthy individual that exercise regularly and systematically, with physical activity progression.

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Characterization of the differentiated antioxidant profile of human saliva

Cited by 237 publications

References 44 publications

Saliva – a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal cancer

Saliva – a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal cancer

The Effect Of İnitial Periodontal Therapy On Saliva And Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity Of Non-Smoking Periodontitis Patients

Saliva as a diagnostic fluid in sports medicine: potential and limitations

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