Characterization of the effluent from a nanosilver producing washing machine

Farkas, Julia; Peter, Hannes; Christian, Paul; Gallego-Urrea, Julián Alberto; Hassellöv, Martin; Tuoriniemi, Jani; Gustafsson, Stefan; Olsson, Eva; Hylland, Ketil; Thomas, Kevin V.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.03.006

Cited by 235 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Several studies have investigated release from consumer products during use. Examples include changes in Ag speciation in textiles [55] and release from textiles into water [56,57], washing liquid [13], sweat [58], and washing machines [59]. Also, different studies have been published on abrasion of particles from coatings [48,49,60] or textiles [61].…”

Section: Release and Alteration Of Enmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Nowack¹,

Ranville²,

Diamond³

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

533

353

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Abstract-The risks associated with exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) will be determined in part by the processes that control their environmental fate and transformation. These processes act not only on ENM that might be released directly into the environment, but more importantly also on ENM in consumer products and those that have been released from the product. The environmental fate and transformation are likely to differ significantly for each of these cases. The ENM released from actual direct use or from nanomaterial-containing products are much more relevant for ecotoxicological studies and risk assessment than pristine ENM. Released ENM may have a greater or lesser environmental impact than the starting materials, depending on the transformation reactions and the material. Almost nothing is known about the environmental behavior and the effects of released and transformed ENM, although these are the materials that are actually present in the environment. Further research is needed to determine whether the release and transformation processes result in a similar or more diverse set of ENM and ultimately how this affects environmental behavior. This article addresses these questions, using four hypothetical case studies that cover a wide range of ENM, their direct use or product applications, and their likely fate in the environment. Furthermore, a more definitive classification scheme for ENM should be adopted that reflects their surface condition, which is a result of both industrial and environmental processes acting on the ENM. The authors conclude that it is not possible to assess the risks associated with the use of ENM by investigating only the pristine form of the ENM, without considering alterations and transformation processes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:50-59. # 2011 SETAC

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Section: Release and Alteration Of Enmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Nowack¹,

Ranville²,

Diamond³

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

533

353

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The drawback of the small numbers of particles typically analyzed in SEM/TEM, the low sensitivity of EDS analysis especially at high magnification, and possible artifact formation can potentially be solved by the use of single-particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS). The concept was developed by Degueldre and Favarger in 2003 [74], further developed in pure systems [75], and first applied to ENPs in complex matrices by Hassellöv et al [76,77]. Some general changes in the conceptual approach compared with conventional ICP-MS techniques are necessary.…”

Section: Use Of Elemental or Isotopic Ratios To Identify Enpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following factors will influence this lower size threshold: sensitivity of the ICP-MS for the respective element of the particle, which includes all the individual system-specific performance parameters; stoichiometry of the particle; and the proportion of the target element that is dissolved versus in particulate form. Sector-field instruments, such as the Thermo Scientific Element 2, provide smaller particle-size thresholds than quadrupole-based systems [76,77]. Theoretically, no detection limit exists for particles larger than the particle size minimum of the respective instrument.…”

Section: Single Particle Icp-ms Analysis For Identification/detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of engineered nanomaterials in complex matrices (environment and biota): General considerations and conceptual case studies

Kammer

Ferguson

Holden

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

408

241

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“…For instance, widespread use of Ag nanoparticles may lead to increased resistance of pathogens to Ag, which is an essential drug in case of protecting burns against infections [138,139] and might lead to reduced effectiveness of waste water treatment, which in turn might give rise to increased levels of hazardous substances in surface waters [140].…”

Section: Indirect Effects On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human health hazards of persistent inorganic and carbon nanoparticles

Reijnders

2012

J Mater Sci

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Persistent inorganic and carbon nanoparticles are increasingly engineered for applications and may also be present in conventional materials such as carbon black. Furthermore, they may originate from conventional non particulate materials by processes such as wear and tear. Persistent inorganic and carbon nanoparticles can be hazardous to humans. Relatively much research regards the hazards of inhaled nanoparticles. These may give rise to respiratory disease and to negative effects on other organs, including the cardiovascular system. Determinants of risk of inhaled nanoparticles include: number, size, surface characteristics, shape, structure, and the formation of assemblages. These determinants should preferentially be considered in exposure metrics. A major molecular mechanism underlying the inhalation hazard of nanoparticles is the generation of reactive oxygen species, but other mechanisms such as interactions with proteins and DNA may also contribute. Health hazards may also be linked to ingestion of persistent inorganic and carbon nanoparticles, dermal exposure and exposure of the eye. Standards for workplace exposure to persistent inorganic and carbon are currently emerging and there are options for hazard reduction by elimination and substitution of hazardous nanoparticles and by engineering controls.

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Characterization of the effluent from a nanosilver producing washing machine

Cited by 235 publications

References 25 publications

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Analysis of engineered nanomaterials in complex matrices (environment and biota): General considerations and conceptual case studies

Human health hazards of persistent inorganic and carbon nanoparticles

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