Characterization of the primo vascular system in rabbit vagina

Mustafa, Fatma El‐Zahraa A.; Abd-Elhafez, Enas A; Abd‐Elhafeez, Hanan H.

doi:10.1002/jemt.23951

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Kim proposed that the PVS is a new net-like system in the body, consisting of the “primo node” and the “primo vessel,” claimed to be acupuncture meridians. Over the past 20 years, PVS researchers have applied multiple histological staining methods and modern experimental techniques (radioisotope tracing, fluorescent nanoparticles, quantum dot, immunoaffinity chromatography, and electron microscopy), and have verified that PVS exists in the intra-vascular and intra-lymphatic vessels, on the surface of internal organs and in the central nerve system ( 8 – 11 ). Han et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of the primo vascular system in local enteritis and its modification by electroacupuncture

Nan

Wan²,

Lei³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionThe primo vascular system (PVS), an intensive network structure, has been claimed to be representative of the acupuncture meridian. Here, we explored the role of the PVS in local enteritis and its modification by acupuncture.MethodsChronic cecitis in rabbits was induced by 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS). The PVS on the cecum was visualized with trypan blue staining, and collected with the help of microsurgical forceps under an optical stereomicroscope.ResultsThe increased primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes (PNs) of the PVS on the surface of the cecum were induced by local inflammation, which was positively correlated with the inflammatory cells in the cecal mucosa. Tandem mass tag (TMT) based proteomic analysis revealed that 110 differentiated proteins of the PVS existed between TNBS-treated and control rabbits; 65 proteins were upregulated, while 45 proteins were downregulated. These proteins were mainly enriched in inflammation- and immunity-related processes, such as inflammatory cell proliferation, antigen presentation, and cell adhesion in the proliferated PVS (data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifiers PXD034280). Importantly, TNBS-induced cecitis, the proliferated PVS and inflammation response-related proteins (CD40, CD45, HLA-DRA1, LAMP1, JAGN1 and FGL1) in the PVS were alleviated or reversed by repetitive electroacupuncture (EA) stimulations.ConclusionThese results suggest that the proliferated PVS and its active inclusions were related to the inflammatory process, which was modified by EA. Our study provides a new avenue for further exploration of the mechanism by which EA exerts anti-inflammatory effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of the primo vascular system in local enteritis and its modification by electroacupuncture

Nan

Wan²,

Lei³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…For antigen retrieval, the sections were placed in a 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) (Table 1) and heated in a water bath to 95-98 C for 20 min, CMEIAS Color Segmentation, then choose "Process" from the drop-down menu. Menu items, and then select "Negative image"(Abd-Elhafeez, Soliman, et al, 2021;Abdel-Hakeem et al, 2019;Gross et al, 2010;Mustafa, 2019;Mustafa et al, 2021).…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry (Ihc) Staining Procedures Of Macrophage...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactoferrin improves the immune response and resistance of silver carp, a hematological, light (histochemical and immunohistochemical), fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopic study

Soliman

Emeish

Abd‐Elhafeez

2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Lactoferrin is a multifunctional protein that has roles in iron metabolism, cell generation and differentiation, and antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic activity. The study aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary lactoferrin powder on the innate immune response and disease resistance of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)infected with Vibrio vulnificus. The study also investigates immune cells in different organs including gills, intestine, spleen, liver, and pancreas using light, scan electron microcopy. Two diet regimes, a basic diet and a 600-mg/kg bovine lactoferrinsupplemented diet were used. The fish were fed for 30 successive days. We included 270 apparently healthy silver carp (H. Molitrix) with an average body weight of 10 ± 2 g/fish. Addition of lactoferrin to the diet led to an increase in the activity of non-specific immune parameters; lymphocytes, and in the monocytes percentage, and in total protein, serum globulin, and albumin, with a corresponding increase in phagocytic activities and indices. The histological analysis revealed increase immune cells such as lymphocytes in intestine, rodlet cells in liver, gills, and pancreas, and the macrophages in liver, pancreas as well as spleen. The lactoferrin-supplemented diet significantly increased survival and disease resistance following V. vulnificus challenge, which seemed to correspond to an enhancement of non-specific immune functions in H. molitrix. Research Highlights• The study evaluates the effect of dietary lactoferrin powder on the innate immune response and disease resistance of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) infected with Vibrio vulnificus.• The study also investigates immune cells in different organs including gills, intestine, spleen, liver, and pancreas using light, scan electron microcopy.• Lactoferrin increases the activity of nonspecific immune parameters; lymphocytes, and in the monocytes percentage, and in total protein, serum globulin, and albumin, with a corresponding increase in phagocytic activities and indices.• The histological analysis revealed increase immune cells such as lymphocytes in intestine, rodlet cells in liver, gills, and pancreas, and the macrophages in liver, pancreas as well as spleen.

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“…Telopodes form a complicated network in the connective tissue of different body regions and can also connect the skin to different organs telocytes are hypothesized to be essential cells in Chinese Traditional Medicine meridians due to their ability to connect different connective tissue structural components throughout the body [44]. Moreover, Telocyte-like cells were described in the rabbit vagina recently [56].…”

Section: Future Researches 1) Pvs and Cupping (Al-hijamah Prophetic M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cellular Architecture of the Primo Vascular System

Mustafa

2022

J Acupunct Meridian Stud

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The primo vascular system (PVS) is of great interest to scientists in the last few years. The PVS plays a role in stem cell migration, immune function, erythropoiesis, tissue regeneration, and cancer metastasis. Discovered by Bong Han Kim in 1960, the PVS was described as a new, independent system that is distributed in the body of different animals. Since then, several cells have been discovered as important constituents of the PVS. Endothelial cells are hallmarks for the identification of the PVS, as they line the sinuses of the primo vessels and are characterized by their arrangement of rod-shaped nuclei in a parallel, broken-line fashion along the primo vessels. Immune cells as mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes are also hallmarks for the identification of the PVS. One of the most interesting cells in the PVS are p-microcells. Primo nodes are a stem cell niche due to their p-microcells content, which express stem cell biomarkers CD133 and Oct 4. Mature erythrocytes and hematopoietic stem cells have also been observed in the PVS. Hematopoietic stem cells were observed in the PVS. Hematopoietic Stem Cells are the source of the cellular component of blood. Additionally, adrenaline and noradrenaline-producing cells, mesothelial cells, and smooth-muscle-like cells have also been described in the PVS.

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Characterization of the primo vascular system in rabbit vagina

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

The involvement of the primo vascular system in local enteritis and its modification by electroacupuncture

The involvement of the primo vascular system in local enteritis and its modification by electroacupuncture

Lactoferrin improves the immune response and resistance of silver carp, a hematological, light (histochemical and immunohistochemical), fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopic study

The Cellular Architecture of the Primo Vascular System

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