Characterization of the relations between morphology and physiological status of the pineal gland in connection with the somatic development level in turkeys reared in Romania

Abstract

This research started from the premises of the existence of some possible relationships between indole and pineal peptide hormones and the somatic development, with participation of hypothalamic-pituitary complex. Experimental factors, which were the subject of the present paper, influenced the dynamics of corporal mass and fodder consumption, leading to the occurrence of some important structural modifications at the level of pineal gland. The exposure of the individuals to continuous light (photic pinealectomy) produces increases in corporal mass, showing the involvement of the pineal gland in neuro-endocrine-metabolic reactions, which contributes to the maintenance of homeostatic balance, including somatic ones. Biological material was represented by a number of 50 individuals belonging to B.U.T. Big 6 hybrid, reared on soil, on a permanent litter, which could assure the expanding of knowledge area regarding the relation between rearing technology, modulation of some microclimate parameters and growing performances. Were also realised cytometric and hystometric muscular determinations.

Morphological and Histological Study of the Pineal Gland in local breed Goats (Capra hircus)

“…The pineal parenchyma of the pregnant females presented major amount of dark pinealocytes according to viscacha (31). The pinealocytes had large round nuclei with a remarkable loose chromatin and a weak basophilic cytoplasm, while typical astrocytes intermingled them according to (32). So in goat agree with the idea about the unique behaviors that seen in camels have especially that concerning to some physical properties (20).…”

Melatonin’in Kanatlı Hayvanlarda Önemi

“…ML participates in many physiological processes in the organism (Lamosova et al, 1997) that are rapidly transported to other organs through blood and spinal fluid and can easily pass through biological membranes due to its lipophilic nature. Excess ML is inactivated by hydroxylation in the liver (Lazar et al, 2015) and is excreted in urine (Reppert, 1997). There is a multi-synaptic nerve pathway that connects the pineal gland to the out enviromental via the retina.…”

“…The physiology of melatonin ML plays a vital role in regulating neural and endocrine processes that are synchronized with daily changes in light (Lazar et al, 2015). Serum ML concentrations reflect environmental lighting conditions and allow information to be transmitted to the entire organism (Zeman et al, 2001).…”

“…16 hours light: 8 hours dark or 20 hours light: 4 hours dark; serum ML concentrations of egg hens varied between 40-100 pg / mL in the light and 150-390 pg / mL in the dark (Liou et al, 1987). Abnormal serum levels of ML may be indicative of metabolic and other disorders (Lazar et al, 2015). It has been reported that pinealectomized chickens decreased production of ML (Wang et al, 1998).…”

“…For this reason, ML allows the physiology, metabolism and behavior of animals to be synchronized with optimum environmental conditions. ML, synchronized with light changes, plays an essential role in the regulation of neuroendocrine processes (Lazar et al, 2015) and in the biology of all cells (Reiter and Robinson, 1995). ML affects growth and health status (Clark and Classen 1995), the concentrations of other hormones in poultry (Zeman et al, 1993).…”