Characterization of the relationship between ceramic pot filter water production and turbidity in source water

Salvinelli, Carlo; Elmore, Andrew Curtis; Reidmeyer, Mary R.; Drake, Kirsten; Ahmad, Khaldoun

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.076

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…While variations in the performance of CWFs have been reported from different areas or/and filter factories, these variations were primarily attributed to the differences in local materials and filter fabrication process, and the role of source water quality remains largely unknown. Among various water quality factors, only limited studies have focused on turbidity and reported its negative impact on CWF performance (water production and/or flow rate) due to pore blocking (Salvinelli and Elmore, 2015;Salvinelli et al, 2016). For silver impregnated CWFs, both physical filtration and silver disinfection are considered important pathogen removal mechanisms.…”

Section: Source Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles, challenges and opportunities

Yang

Chitwood

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Drinking water source contamination poses a great threat to human health in developing countries. Point-of-use (POU) water treatment techniques, which improve drinking water quality at the household level, offer an affordable and convenient way to obtain safe drinking water and thus can reduce the outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Ceramic water filters (CWFs), fabricated from locally sourced materials and manufactured by local labor, are one of the most socially acceptable POU water treatment technologies because of their effectiveness, low-cost and ease of use. This review concisely summarizes the critical factors that influence the performance of CWFs, including (1) CWF manufacturing process (raw material selection, firing process, silver impregnation), and (2) source water quality. Then, an in-depth discussion is presented with emphasis on key research efforts to address two major challenges of conventional CWFs, including (1) simultaneous increase of filter flow rate and bacterial removal efficiency, and (2) removal of various concerning pollutants, such as viruses and metal(loid)s. To promote the application of CWFs, future research directions can focus on: (1) investigation of pore size distribution and pore structure to achieve higher flow rates and effective pathogen removal by elucidating pathogen transport in porous ceramic and adjusting manufacture parameters; and (2) exploration of new surface modification approaches with enhanced interaction between a variety of contaminants and ceramic surfaces.

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Section: Source Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles, challenges and opportunities

Yang

Chitwood

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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“…Obviously, the rate and degree of pore blocking depends on the quality of the source water, particularly the amount of suspended particles (Salvinelli et al, 2016). To prevent water revenues from dropping too low, pot filters can be cleaned by a scrubbing procedure, where the top layer of the ceramic element is brushed and washed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prevent water revenues from dropping too low, pot filters can be cleaned by a scrubbing procedure, where the top layer of the ceramic element is brushed and washed. This procedure results in an instant, yet very temporary, flow rate peak, not preventing longterm flow rate reductions as low as 0.2 L h À1 (Van Halem et al, 2007;Salvinelli et al, 2016). The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of high flow ceramic pot filters to produce more water without sacrificing their microbial removal efficacy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High flow ceramic pot filters

Halem

Laan

Soppe³

et al. 2017

Water Research

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a b s t r a c tCeramic pot filters are considered safe, robust and appropriate technologies, but there is a general consensus that water revenues are limited due to clogging of the ceramic element. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of high flow ceramic pot filters to produce more water without sacrificing their microbial removal efficacy.High flow pot filters, produced by increasing the rice husk content, had a higher initial flow rate (6 e19 L h À1 ), but initial LRVs for E. coli of high flow filters was slightly lower than for regular ceramic pot filters. This disadvantage was, however, only temporarily as the clogging in high flow filters had a positive effect on the LRV for E. coli (from below 1 to 2e3 after clogging). Therefore, it can be carefully concluded that regular ceramic pot filters perform better initially, but after clogging, the high flow filters have a higher flow rate as well as a higher LRV for E. coli. To improve the initial performance of new high flow filters, it is recommended to further utilize residence time of the water in the receptacle, since additional E. coli inactivation was observed during overnight storage. Although a relationship was observed between flow rate and LRV of MS2 bacteriophages, both regular and high flow filters were unable to reach over 2 LRV.

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“…With horizontal placement of the ceramic disk filters, both sources of sediments (raw water and fragments of the filter itself) tend to be entrained in the ceramic filter over time. Salvinelli et al (2016) evaluated the flow-through rates of ceramic pot filters and found similar results (in regard to flow deterioration) to the horizontal disc filters. Suitable flow rates were maintained for 8,000 L of throughput volume with non-turbid influent sources during testing of ceramic pot filters (Salvinelli et al, 2016).…”

Section: Guelph Water Filter System Stage 1 -Horizontal Technology (Ht) Version Of Guelph Water Filtration Systemmentioning

confidence: 82%

Design and Performance for A Novel Low-Tech Water Filter System

McBean¹,

Farrow²

2021

J ENVIRON INFORM LET

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A low-tech water treatment system with a novel configuration is described which delivers safe water (>3 log-removal of E. coli), has low cost, provides safe water in quantities for a household for substantial time periods, is easy to maintain, robust against breakage, and avoids recontamination. Due to the unique design, the Guelph Water Filtration system (Guelph Water Filter) remains functional for periods substantially longer than previous technologies, providing ~6 years for delivery of treated water at flow rates exceeding 1 L/hr (for low turbidity (0.05 ~ 1.00 NTU) source water). The ceramic filter components of the system are easily replaceable in the filter housing and the Guelph Water Filter is feasible as a village-level production/employment opportunity. The long-term performance of the ceramic filter component of the Guelph system improves longevity of performance by reducing clogging and enables two filter elements to be used in a single filter housing (doubling the surface area through which filtration occurs). Placing the filter in a large reservoir (pail) also significantly reduces the frequency of the need to refill raw water (alternative filter designs require refilling and monitoring multiple times per day).

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Characterization of the relationship between ceramic pot filter water production and turbidity in source water

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles, challenges and opportunities

Ceramic water filter for point-of-use water treatment in developing countries: Principles, challenges and opportunities

High flow ceramic pot filters

Design and Performance for A Novel Low-Tech Water Filter System

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