Characterization of the Spatial and Temporal Dispersion Differences Between Exhaled E-Cigarette Mist and Cigarette Smoke

Martuzevičius, Dainius; Prasauskas, Tadas; Setyan, Ari; O’Connell, Grant; Cahours, Xavier; Julien, Rémi; Colard, Stéphane

doi:10.1093/ntr/nty121

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Odour can be a significant issue that is introduced through the incorporation of CBs into the automatic brick making process. Odour is caused by the diffusion of chemicals that are entrapped within CBs being released, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Odour can be displaced by air current or diffusion, both of which rely upon the environmental conditions and time.…”

Section: Cb Incorporation Into the Automatic And Manual Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potency of the odour is dependent on the volume of chemicals present in the brick factory. This would be the rate of diffusion of the volume of CBs present, which will vary according to the ventilation rate [ 43 ]. Every brick factory has its own unique ventilation rate, which is based on the environmental conditions and design of the factory [ 25 ].…”

Section: Cb Incorporation Into the Automatic And Manual Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of Recycling Cigarette Butts in Lightweight Bricks and a Proposal for Ending the Littering of Cigarette Butts in Our Cities

et al. 2020

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Our cities, parks, beaches, and oceans have been contaminated for many years with millions of tonnes of unsightly and toxic cigarette butts (CBs). This study presents and discusses some of the results of an ongoing study on recycling in fired-clay bricks. Energy savings: the energy value of CBs with remnant tobacco was found to be 16.5 MJ/kg. If just 2.5% of all bricks produced annually worldwide included 1% CB content, all of the CBs currently produced could be recycled in bricks, and it is estimated that global firing energy consumption could be reduced by approximately 20 billion MJ (megajoules). This approximately equates to the power used by one million homes in Victoria, Australia, every year. Bacteriological study: CBs were investigated for the presence of ten common bacteria in two pilot studies. Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected in fresh used CB samples, and Listeria spp. were detected in old used CB samples. All of the CB samples except the dried sample had significant counts of Bacillus spp. Some species of the detected bacteria in this study are pathogenic. Further confirmation and comprehensive microbiological study are needed in this area. The contact of naphthalene balls with CBs had a significant disinfecting effect on Bacillus spp. The implementation procedure for recycling CBs in bricks, odour from Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions in CBs, sterilization methods, CB collection systems, and safety instructions were investigated, and they are discussed. Proposal: when considering the combined risks from many highly toxic chemicals and possible pathogens in cigarette butts, it is proposed that littering of this waste anywhere in cities and the environment be strictly prohibited and that offenders be heavily fined.

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Section: Cb Incorporation Into the Automatic And Manual Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cb Incorporation Into the Automatic And Manual Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Recycling Cigarette Butts in Lightweight Bricks and a Proposal for Ending the Littering of Cigarette Butts in Our Cities

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, the emission profiles of the components differ between e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes, with respective lifetimes of approximately 10-20 s and 1.4 h [213]. Exhaled particles and liquid droplets produced by e-cigarettes are smaller than for conventional tobacco and evaporate almost immediately after exhalation, unlike for conventional cigarettes [214]. Particularly noteworthy here is the problem of vaping in small rooms, in close proximity to other people, and around children [215].…”

Section: Environmental Impact Of E-cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Evaluating the Impact of E-Cigarette Exposure on Living Organisms and the Environment

Merecz-Sadowska

Sitarek

Zielińska‐Bliźniewska

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Worldwide use of electronic cigarettes has been rapidly expanding over recent years, but the long-term effect of e-cigarette vapor exposure on human health and environment is not well established; however, its mechanism of action entails the production of reactive oxygen species and trace metals, and the exacerbation of inflammation, which are associated with potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The present study examines the effects of selected liquid chemicals used in e-cigarettes, such as propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin, nicotine and flavorings, on living organisms; the data collected indicates that exposure to e-cigarette liquid has potentially detrimental effects on cells in vitro, and on animals and humans in vivo. While e-liquid exposure can adversely influence the physiology of living organisms, vaping is recommended as an alternative for tobacco smoking. The study also compares the impact of e-cigarette liquid exposure and traditional cigarette smoke on organisms and the environmental impact. The environmental influence of e-cigarette use is closely connected with the emission of airborne particulate matter, suggesting the possibility of passive smoking. The obtained data provides an insight into the impact of nicotine delivery systems on living organisms and the environment.

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“…A minimum of 2 h and a maximum duration of 4 h as a measuring activity time per location was followed; this was performed in order to be able to monitor the three aerodynamic diameters of 10 µm, 2.5 µm and 1 µm. The measuring device was not placed directly over the source of pollution, but at a reasonable distance and at an average human height near the breathing zone in order to calculate the degree of human exposure to pollutants [35]. 4.…”

Section: Design Of Field Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Local Sources of Particulates with a Portable Monitor along the Coast of an Insular City

et al. 2020

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The air quality of modern cities is considered an important factor for the quality of life of humans and therefore is being safeguarded by various international organizations, concentrating on the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10, 2.5 and 1 μm. However, the different physical and anthropogenic processes and activities within the city contribute to the rise of fine (<1 μm) and coarse (>1 μm) particles, directly impacting human health and the environment. In order to monitor certain natural and anthropogenic events, suspecting their significant contribution to PM concentrations, seven different events taking place on the coastal front of the city of Limassol (Cyprus) were on-site monitored using a portable PM instrument; these included both natural (e.g., dust event) and anthropogenic (e.g., cement factory, meat festival, tall building construction, tire factory, traffic jam, dust road) emissions taking place in spring and summer periods. The violations of the limits that were noticed were attributed mainly to the various anthropogenic activities taking place on-site, revealing once more the need for further research and continuous monitoring of air quality.

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Characterization of the Spatial and Temporal Dispersion Differences Between Exhaled E-Cigarette Mist and Cigarette Smoke

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Implementation of Recycling Cigarette Butts in Lightweight Bricks and a Proposal for Ending the Littering of Cigarette Butts in Our Cities

Implementation of Recycling Cigarette Butts in Lightweight Bricks and a Proposal for Ending the Littering of Cigarette Butts in Our Cities

A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Evaluating the Impact of E-Cigarette Exposure on Living Organisms and the Environment

Measurements of Local Sources of Particulates with a Portable Monitor along the Coast of an Insular City

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