Characterization of the Surface Proteins of Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Humans in 1997–1998

Bender, Catherine A.; Hall, Henrietta; Huang, Jing; Klimov, Alexander; Cox, Nancy J.; Hay, Alan J.; Gregory, Victoria; Cameron, K. R.; Lim, Wilina; Subbarao, Kanta

doi:10.1006/viro.1998.9529

Cited by 154 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…In 1997 in Hong Kong, avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses were identified as the cause of 18 cases of human respiratory illness, including six deaths (8-11, 13, 47). Molecular characterization established that the 16 H5N1 viruses isolated from humans were genetically closely related to the H5N1 viruses isolated from Hong Kong poultry markets and farms in 1997 (4,11,30,46,60). All viral gene segments were found to be of avian origin, indicating that the H5N1 human cases in Hong Kong were the result of multiple independent transmissions of the virus from birds (4,10,11,30,45,46).…”

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confidence: 96%

“…This molecular characteristic is thought to allow replication of the virus in a wide range of cell types, resulting in severe disseminated disease and high mortality in chickens (33,43,49). The HA genes of all 16 human H5N1 viruses isolated during this outbreak contain this characteristic feature and are lethal in experimentally infected chickens (4,45,46). In mammals, however, the viruses are heterogeneous with respect to pathogenicity (10,18,26,28,58).…”

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confidence: 97%

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Depletion of Lymphocytes and Diminished Cytokine Production in Mice Infected with a Highly Virulent Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Isolated from Humans

Tumpey

Morken

et al. 2000

J Virol

243

249

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؉ and CD8 ؉ T cells and reduced synthesis of the cytokines interleukin-1␤ and gamma interferon and the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein compared with HK/486-infected mice. In contrast, the cytokine and chemokine levels were increased in the brains of mice infected with HK/483 but not HK/486. Evidence of apoptosis in the spleen and lung of HK/483-infected mice was detected in situ, suggesting a mechanism for lymphocyte destruction. These results suggest that destructive effects on the immune system may be one factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of H5N1 viruses in mammalian hosts.

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confidence: 96%

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confidence: 97%

Depletion of Lymphocytes and Diminished Cytokine Production in Mice Infected with a Highly Virulent Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Isolated from Humans

Tumpey

Morken

et al. 2000

J Virol

243

249

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“…In early 1976, infection by a classical swine H1N1 virus caused the death of an army recruit at Fort Dix (9). In 1997, a highly pathogenic fowl plague (H5N1) virus claimed the lives of six of its eighteen victims in Hong Kong before the source of infection was removed by depopulation of the live poultry markets at the end of December (10)(11)(12). Surveillance of influenza viruses circulating in poultry during this outbreak in November and December identified several subtypes in addition to H5N1, of which H9N2 was the most frequent (13); there was no evidence of human infection by H9N2 viruses at that time despite intense surveillance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Avian-to-human transmission of H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses: Relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolates

Lin

Shaw

Gregory

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

552

427

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In 1997, 18 cases of influenza in Hong Kong (bird flu) caused by a novel H5N1 (chicken) virus resulted in the deaths of six individuals and once again raised the specter of a potentially devastating influenza pandemic. Slaughter of the poultry in the live bird markets removed the source of infection and no further human cases of H5N1 infection have occurred. In March 1999, however, a new pandemic threat appeared when influenza A H9N2 viruses infected two children in Hong Kong. These two virus isolates are similar to an H9N2 virus isolated from a quail in Hong Kong in late 1997. Although differing in their surface hemagglutinin and neuraminidase components, a notable feature of these H9N2 viruses is that the six genes encoding the internal components of the virus are similar to those of the 1997 H5N1 human and avian isolates. This common feature emphasizes the apparent propensity of avian viruses with this genetic complement to infect humans and highlights the potential for the emergence of a novel human pathogen.

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“…The human and chicken H5 viruses contained the multiple basic amino acids in the HA cleavage site characteristic of HP avian influenza virus H5 and H7 isolates (29). Furthermore, both the avian and human HK-origin H5N1 virus isolates contained an N1 gene with a shortened stalk due to a 57-nucleotide (19-amino-acid) deletion (4,7,51).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Pathogenesis of Hong Kong-Origin H5N1 Viruses in Mice Compared to That of Other Highly Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza Viruses

Dybing

Schultz‐Cherry

Swayne

et al. 2000

J Virol

117

105

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Characterization of the Surface Proteins of Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Humans in 1997–1998

Cited by 154 publications

References 0 publications

Depletion of Lymphocytes and Diminished Cytokine Production in Mice Infected with a Highly Virulent Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Isolated from Humans

Depletion of Lymphocytes and Diminished Cytokine Production in Mice Infected with a Highly Virulent Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Isolated from Humans

Avian-to-human transmission of H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses: Relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolates

Distinct Pathogenesis of Hong Kong-Origin H5N1 Viruses in Mice Compared to That of Other Highly Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza Viruses

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