Characterization, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Groundwater of Metropolitan Area in Lahore, Pakistan

Khan, Yasir Karim; Toqeer, Muhammad; Shah, Munir H.

doi:10.1007/s12403-022-00531-y

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…This paper uses a health risk assessment model recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to evaluate the groundwater quality in the oil shale mining areas [28][29][30][31]. There are many ways for pollutants in water to enter the human body [32,33], and many studies have confirmed that direct consumption is the most harmful to human health [34][35][36][37]. Therefore, this study only considers direct consumption and ignores the other pathways.…”

Section: Health Risk Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Environment and Health Risk Assessment in an In Situ Oil Shale Mining Area

Wang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Water

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To clarify the risk posed to groundwater in oil shale in situ mining areas, we examine five leached pollutants: Fe, Mn, Cr, sulfate, and ammonia nitrogen. Potential groundwater contents of these five pollutants were evaluated using an improved Nemero comprehensive index method and a health risk assessment method. The results show that, compared with the Class III groundwater quality standard (GB/T 14848-2017) used in the People’s Republic of China, average values of Fe, Mn, and sulfate in leaching solution from Fuyu oil shale exceed the standard, while Cr and ammonia nitrogen do not exceed the standard, and the leaching solution is within Class V groundwater quality. The average values of Fe and Mn in the leaching solution from Fushun oil shale exceed the Class III standard, while Cr, sulfate, and ammonia nitrogen values from this oil shale do not exceed the standard, and the leaching solution is Class IV in terms of groundwater quality. The weighting value used in the Nemero assessment method for the heavy metal Cr is the largest as its potential to cause harm to groundwater quality is the largest. The weight value for sulfate is the smallest as the harm degree is the smallest. The chemical carcinogen Cr has the greatest potential impact on human health. The health risk caused by the chemical non-carcinogen Mn is greater than that caused by Fe and ammonia nitrogen. When high pyrolysis temperatures are used, Mn will be released into groundwater in large quantities. Therefore, supervision and control should be strengthened. The results presented here can provide a reference for the comprehensive evaluation of groundwater risks caused by in situ oil shale mining.

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Section: Health Risk Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Environment and Health Risk Assessment in an In Situ Oil Shale Mining Area

Wang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Water

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“…The interaction between groundwater and ecosystems is a crucial research direction within modern hydrogeology. It involves the interplay between groundwater and various ecosystems, such as wetlands, forests, and grasslands [25,26]. This field focuses on studying the impact of groundwater on ecosystems, determining the water demand of ecosystems for groundwater, and understanding the coupling process of groundwater and ecosystems.…”

Section: (7) Groundwater and Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Modern Hydrogeology: Promoting Harmony between Nature and Humanity

Li,

Wu,

Elumalai

2024

Water

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“…Depending on its source, water can carry trace amounts of metals, including Zn. Water quality, as well as the type of pipes and containers used for storage, could be the source of Zn [21].…”

Section: Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Assessment of Essential and Potentially Toxic Metals in Wheat-Based Sweets for Human Consumption: Multivariate Analysis and Risk Evaluation Studies

Ahmed,

Shafqat,

Javed

et al. 2023

Molecules

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In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the negative impact of unforeseen contaminants such as metals in commonly consumed food items, which pose a threat to human well-being. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the levels of these contaminants to guarantee the safe consumption of these food items. The goal of the current research is to determine the levels of essential (EMs: Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn) and potentially toxic metals (PTMs: Al, Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb) in various brands of wheat-based sweets. One hundred samples were collected and analysed via flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Also, the current study was to investigate the distribution, correlation, and multivariate analysis of 13 metals (Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Al, Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to interpret the metals’ association. The concentration (mg/kg) ranges of EMs were, in order, Mg (12.70–65.67), Ca (24.02–209.12), Mn (1.32–9.61), Fe (4.55–111.23), Co (0.32–8.94), Cu (2.12–8.61), and Zn (2.60–19.36), while the concentration (mg/kg) ranges of PTMs were, in order, Al (0.32–0.87), Cr (0.17–5.74), Ni (0.36–1.54), Cd (0.16–0.56), and Pb (0.14–0.92), and As was not detected in any sample under investigation. The HCA data revealed that Co, Al, and Ni form clusters with other metals. Sweets are prepared at high temperatures, and the elevated temperatures can increase the likelihood of Ni and Al leaching from stainless steel. Tolerable dietary intake (TDI) values for Ni were higher than the values established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The CR value found for the Ni and Cr was at the threshold level of cancer risk, if an amount of 25 g were to be used over a lifetime. In a nutshell, this study highlights the monitoring of EM and PTM levels in wheat-based sweets, and from a food safety perspective, the study is important for consumers of wheat-based sweets.

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Characterization, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Groundwater of Metropolitan Area in Lahore, Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 90 publications

Groundwater Environment and Health Risk Assessment in an In Situ Oil Shale Mining Area

Groundwater Environment and Health Risk Assessment in an In Situ Oil Shale Mining Area

Recent Advances in Modern Hydrogeology: Promoting Harmony between Nature and Humanity

Exposure Assessment of Essential and Potentially Toxic Metals in Wheat-Based Sweets for Human Consumption: Multivariate Analysis and Risk Evaluation Studies

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