Characterization, sources and redox activity of fine and coarse particulate matter in Milan, Italy

Daher, Nancy; Ruprecht, Ario; Invernizzi, Giovanni; Marco, Cinzia De; Miller-Schulze, Justin P.; Heo, Jongyun; Shafer, Martin M.; Shelton, Brandon; Schauer, James J.; Sioutas, Constantinos

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.011

Cited by 94 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…More recently research efforts have focused on investigating the key characteristics of PM that determine their biological effects (Akhtar et al, 2014;Perrone et al, 2013). Particulate air pollution is a heterogeneous mixture of chemical species including organic and inorganic carbon, metals, nitrate and sulfate, whose specific composition is influenced by the types of PM sources, location/geography and chemical transformations during transport in the atmosphere (Daher et al, 2011;Stone et al, 2011). Large temporal variations in PM 2.5 concentrations and intrinsic chemical composition (Feng and Wang, 2012;Jing et al, 2014) are characteristic of many environments and therefore represent an important factor in driving cellular responses (Baulig et al, 2004;Perrone et al, 2013) and potential human health impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS production and gene expression in alveolar macrophages exposed to PM2.5 from Baghdad, Iraq: Seasonal trends and impact of chemical composition

Hamad

Schauer

Antkiewicz³

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS production and gene expression in alveolar macrophages exposed to PM2.5 from Baghdad, Iraq: Seasonal trends and impact of chemical composition

Hamad

Schauer

Antkiewicz³

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Annual PM 10 levels in the study area were relatively higher when compared with those reported for Barcelona [58], Finokalia [59], Milan [60], and Zonguldak [61]. When compared to Cairo [62], Beirut [63], Cordoba [64], Baoshan [65], Mumbai [66], and Qatar [33], the study area has a lower level of PM 10 (Fig.…”

Section: Pm 10 Mass Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 64%

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Airborne PM10 from a Residential Area of Northern Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Alghamdi¹

2016

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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This study was carried out in order to investigate the seasonal distribution of PM 10 and its heavy metals contents in the atmosphere of a residential area of northern Jeddah during 2011-12. Potential health risk assessment for heavy metals exposure was assessed. The concentrations of 15 elements, including Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Sr, Cd, and Pb in PM 10 were determined using x-ray fl uorescence. The annual average concentration of PM 10 (65 μg/m 3 ) was much higher than the WHO standard for PM 10 (20 μg/m 3 ). Concerning the frequency distribution of 24-h concentration of PM 10 , about 29%, 20%, 86%, 71%, and 54% of the mean 24-h concentration of PM 10 during summer, autumn, winter, spring, and the whole year, respectively, exceeded the WHO air quality standards for maximum 24-h concentration. Dust storm events are the main reason for the highest PM 10 concentrations in winter and spring. The sum of metal concentrations in PM 10 was 4,327 ng/m 3 , representing 6.66% from particulate mass during the period of study. Fe and Al were the dominant metals, followed by Ti, Mn, Cd, Zn, Sr, V, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, As, and Ga. The sum of metal concentrations was found to be higher in winter followed by spring, summer, and autumn. The annual Ni and Cd levels in PM 10 were higher than the proposed WHO, U.S. EPA, and the European Community standards. The enrichment factors (EFs) values and non-crustal fractions indicate that Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Co, V, and Cu are mainly emitted in the atmosphere of the study area from anthropogenic sources. Based on the average values of As, Cd, Cr, and Ni in PM 10 , Cd was found to have the highest excess cancer risk. Total ECR resulting from exposure of these carcinogenic metals through inhalation pathways was 108.77. These results indicate that 108.77 people out of 1 million are at risk of developing cancer after exposure to the carcinogenic trace metals in ambient airborne PM 10 from a residential area of northern Jeddah.

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“…This cellular macrophage ROS assay provides an estimate of the overall oxidative potential of PM by measuring their ROS content (Verma et al 2009;Shafer et al 2010;Daher et al 2012). Figures 8a and b represents the results from these comparisons.…”

Section: Macrophage Ros Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a High-Volume Aerosol-into-Liquid Collector for Fine and Ultrafine Particulate Matter

Wang¹,

Pakbin²,

Saffari³

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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This study presents a novel high-volume aerosol-into-liquid collector, developed to provide concentrated slurries of fine and/or ultrafine particulate matter (PM) to be used for unattended, in situ measurements of PM chemistry and toxicity. This system operates at 200 liters per minute (L/min) flow and utilizes the saturation-condensation, particle-to-droplet growth component of the versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES), growing fine or ultrafine PM to 3-4-μm droplets, in conjunction with a newly designed impactor, in which grown particles are collected gradually forming highly concentrated slurries. Laboratory evaluation results indicated an excellent overall system collection efficiency (over 90%) for both monodisperse and polydisperse particles in the range of 0.01 to 2 μm. Field evaluations illustrated that overall a very good agreement was obtained for most PM 2.5 species between the new aerosol collection system and the VACES/BioSampler tandem as well as filter samplers operating in parallel. Very good agreement between the new system and the VACES/BioSampler was also observed for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ambient PM 2.5 samples, whereas lower ROS values were obtained from the water extracts of the filter, likely due to incomReceived 15 May 2013; accepted 17 July 2013. The authors would like to thank Dr. Massoud Pirbazari and Woonhoe Kim (USC) for their assistance in the chemical analysis. This study has been supported by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) through award number #11527 and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through Grants R01AI065617-13 and R21AG040753-02 to the University of Southern California (USC). The research described herein has not been subjected to the agency's required peer and policy review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use.Address correspondence to Constantinos Sioutas, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 S. Vermont Ave., 216C Kaprielian Hall, KAP 216C, M/C 2531, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. E-mail: sioutas@usc.edu plete extraction of water insoluble redox active species collected on the filter substrate. Moreover, the field tests indicated that the new aerosol collection system could achieve continuous and unattended collection of concentrated suspensions for at least 2 to 3 days without any obvious shortcomings in its operation. Both laboratory and field evaluations of the high-volume aerosol-into-liquid collector suggest that this system is an effective technology for collection and characterization of ambient aerosols.

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Characterization, sources and redox activity of fine and coarse particulate matter in Milan, Italy

Cited by 94 publications

References 81 publications

ROS production and gene expression in alveolar macrophages exposed to PM2.5 from Baghdad, Iraq: Seasonal trends and impact of chemical composition

ROS production and gene expression in alveolar macrophages exposed to PM2.5 from Baghdad, Iraq: Seasonal trends and impact of chemical composition

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Airborne PM10 from a Residential Area of Northern Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Development and Evaluation of a High-Volume Aerosol-into-Liquid Collector for Fine and Ultrafine Particulate Matter

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