Characterizing Bacterial Communities among Healthy, Peri-implant Mucositis, and Peri-implantitis Statuses by 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing

Abstract

Introduction：Dental implants are crucial for treating missing teeth, while a dysbiotic microbiome often causes biological implant complications leading to implant loss. Materials and Methods：To clarify the bacterial community profiles of a healthy implant(HI) , peri implant mucositis(MI) , and peri implantitis(PI) , 25 subgingival plaques each were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results：Bacterial diversity at the MI and PI sites was higher than that at the HI site, while no difference was observed between MI and PI sites. Desulfomicrobium and Saccharibacteria(TM7) ［ G 1］bacterium HMT 349 showed a significantly higher abundance at the MI site than at the HI site, suggesting that these bacterial taxa might be associated with the induction of peri implant inflammation. Well known disease associated bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema, and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii exhibited significantly higher abundance at the PI site compared to the HI site. Furthermore, Capnocytophaga granulosa and Prevotella sp. HMT 304 were more abundant at the PI site than at the MI site. Conclusion：These bacteria appeared to be involved in the pathogenic state of dental implants, especially peri implantitis. Our study highlights the microbial intricacies in healthy implants and peri implant diseases, providing insights for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.