Characterizing Extreme Events in a Fabry–Perot Laser with Optical Feedback

Abstract

The study of extreme events (EEs) in photonics has expanded significantly due to straightforward implementation conditions. EEs have not been discussed systematically, to the best of our knowledge, in the chaotic dynamics of a Fabry–Perot laser with optical feedback, so we address this in the current contribution. Herein, we not only find EEs in all modes but also divide the EEs in total output into two categories for further discussion. The two types of EEs have similar statistical features to conventional rogue waves. The occurrence probability of EEs undergoes a saturation effect as the feedback strength increases. Additionally, we analyze the influence of feedback strength, feedback delay, and pump current on the probability of EEs defined by two criteria of EEs and find similar trends. We hope that this work contributes to a deep understanding and serves as inspiration for further research into various multimode semiconductor laser systems.