Characterizing the growth and winter survival of commercially available and experimental genotypes of St. Augustinegrass

Moseley, David; Trappe, Jon M.; Milla‐Lewis, Susana R.; Chandra, Ambika; Kenworthy, Kevin E.; Liu, W.; Patton, Aaron J.

doi:10.1002/csc2.20445

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While studies have been conducted on evaluating several St. Augustinegrass traits of agronomic and economic importance including overall TQ (Gouveia et al., 2021; Kimball et al., 2018; Philley et al., 1996; Reynolds et al., 2009), genetic color, leaf texture (Kimball et al., 2016), winter survival (Kimball et al., 2018; Milla‐Lewis et al., 2013b; Moseley et al., 2021; Philley et al., 1996; Reynolds et al., 2009), and gray leaf spot resistance (Carbajal et al., 2021), little is yet known about the relationship among these traits or the best selection scheme for improving them. As the market demand for St. Augustinegrass continues to grow in North Carolina, there is a need for cultivars that combine superior TQ with tolerance to local biotic and abiotic stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using base index for selection of St. Augustinegrass breeding lines evaluated in multienvironment trials for turfgrass quality traits and stress tolerance in North Carolina

et al. 2022

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St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is a warm-season turfgrass primarily used for home lawns and commercial landscapes in the southern United States. New cultivars that possess desirable turfgrass quality (TQ) in combination with improved tolerance to diseases, drought and cold are needed to increase the sustainability of St. Augustinegrass production and maintenance in transitional zones. This study's objectives were to evaluate breeding lines in multienvironment trials across North Carolina to (a) assess relationships among economically important traits, and (b) select genotypes with stable performance across environments. Sixtyone St. Augustinegrass genotypes and five commercial checks were established in replicated field trials at three locations across North Carolina. Entries were evaluated for rate of establishment, TQ, turfgrass stand density, genetic color, leaf texture, uniformity, winter survival, fall color, drought tolerance, and gray leaf spot resistance from 2017 to 2020. Best linear unbiased predictions were used to calculate a selection index to identify elite genotypes across traits. The 10 traits were clustered into three groups: winter survival and fall color; genetic color, leaf texture, and gray leaf spot resistance; and establishment rate, TQ, density, uniformity, and drought tolerance. Selection of the top 10 genotypes using the selection index resulted in positive estimated genetic gains for all 10 traits, indicating it is an effective method for simultaneous selection. Line XSA 14271 outperformed 'Palmetto', 'Raleigh', 'Captiva', and 'Seville', for several traits and was the top-ranked line. It will be advanced to on-farm trials to evaluate sod production traits to assess its potential for commercial release.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using base index for selection of St. Augustinegrass breeding lines evaluated in multienvironment trials for turfgrass quality traits and stress tolerance in North Carolina

et al. 2022

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“…The ability to tolerate freezing temperatures is directly related to a plant's ability to acclimate to colder temperatures prior to exposure to freezing temperatures (Kimball et al., 2017; Maier et al., 1994). Diploid cultivars like ‘Raleigh’ and ‘Palmetto’, for example, have superior cold tolerance (Bateman, 1980), whereas Amerishade (diploid) and Floratam (polyploid) are more sensitive to winterkill due to a lack of cold acclimation (Fry et al., 1991; Moseley et al., 2021). Although some diploid germplasm accessions have expressed pest resistance (Atilano & Busey, 1983; Carbajal et al., 2020), polyploids like Floratam generally demonstrate greater resistance than diploids to southern chinch bugs ( Blissus insularis Barber) (Busey, 1990) but have similar resistance to gray leaf spot (caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some diploid germplasm accessions have expressed pest resistance (Atilano & Busey, 1983; Carbajal et al., 2020), polyploids like Floratam generally demonstrate greater resistance than diploids to southern chinch bugs ( Blissus insularis Barber) (Busey, 1990) but have similar resistance to gray leaf spot (caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc.). Furthermore, diploids such as Amerishade with more diminutive or dwarf‐like growth habits are slower to establish than polyploids like Floratam, although some diploids (e.g., Raleigh and Palmetto) exhibit a faster establishment rate (Moseley et al., 2021). Dwarf cultivars are preferred by consumers for their tolerance to lower mowing heights and reduced mowing frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Registration of ‘DALSA 1618’ St. Augustinegrass

Chandra

Genovesi

Meeks

et al. 2023

J of Plant Registrations

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Abstract‘DALSA 1618’ (Reg. no. CV‐291, PI 702594) is a first‐generation intraspecific St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] hybrid developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research in Dallas, TX, from a cross between a drought‐resistant polyploid female parent, TAES 5384 (PI 300130, GRIN National Plant Germplasm System), and a semi‐dwarf shade‐tolerant diploid pollen donor, ‘Amerishade’. DALSA 1618 was formerly tested as ‘TAES 5896‐09’ and ‘TXSA‐156’. Superior performance and quality from 2010 to 2015 in space‐plant nurseries across multiple environments led to advancing DALSA 1618 to replicated trials in 10 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) locations across the southcentral and southeastern United States. DALSA 1618 was one of the top performers in the 2016 NTEP (2016–2020). It established faster than ‘CitraBlue’ and similarly to other tested commercial cultivars. DALSA 1618 exhibited high turfgrass quality in standard and ancillary trials and earlier spring greenup, which was generally better than ‘Floratam’. Drought resistance of DALSA 1618 was similar to Floratam (a drought‐resistant aneuploid). Tolerance to moderately dense shade was tested in Dallas, TX, from 2017 to 2020, where DALSA 1618 exhibited improved shade tolerance relative to Floratam. This array of environmental testing indicates DALSA 1618 possesses a unique combination of drought and shade tolerance that would allow its use across the southcentral and southeastern United States.

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Molecular analysis of St. Augustinegrass cultivar mixtures composition over time and latitude

van der Laat,

Leon,

Dale

et al. 2024

Crop Science

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St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is commonly planted in residential and commercial landscapes as a cultivar monoculture predisposing this lawn to pest invasion and high‐maintenance inputs. Researchers have suggested that increasing genetic diversity by growing cultivars in mixtures may increase turfgrass stress resilience. However, the stability and uniformity of those mixtures has not been studied. The present study was carried out to evaluate the stability of St. Augustinegrass cultivars mixtures over time and across three latitudes. The study was conducted in Citra and Fort Lauderdale, FL, and Jackson Springs, NC. Simple‐sequence repeats markers were used to genotype leaf samples of St. Augustinegrass cultivars planted in two‐ and four‐cultivar mixtures. Leaf samples were collected 1 and 3 years after establishment. In all locations, cultivar richness and evenness declined over time. Similarly, the relative abundance of the least persistent cultivars decreased approximately 50%–100% depending on cultivar and location. Differences in growth patterns among cultivars resulted in cultivar displacement and the predominance of a single cultivar. Cultivars that covered the ground faster or formed dense canopies early after establishment were dominant at the end of the study. Locally developed cultivars tended to be more dominant in their original latitude. The use of cultivar mixtures may help the identification of vigorous, competitive, and stress tolerant cultivars in turfgrass breeding programs. However, their commercial use remains challenging as if the patterns observed here for 3 years are representative of a continuous trend, and they do not persist over time.

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Characterizing the growth and winter survival of commercially available and experimental genotypes of St. Augustinegrass

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Using base index for selection of St. Augustinegrass breeding lines evaluated in multienvironment trials for turfgrass quality traits and stress tolerance in North Carolina

Using base index for selection of St. Augustinegrass breeding lines evaluated in multienvironment trials for turfgrass quality traits and stress tolerance in North Carolina

Registration of ‘DALSA 1618’ St. Augustinegrass

Molecular analysis of St. Augustinegrass cultivar mixtures composition over time and latitude

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