Characterizing the Interplay Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Comorbid Medical Conditions: An Integrative Review

Tye, Charlotte; Runicles, Abigail K.; Whitehouse, Andrew J. O.; Alvares, Gail A.

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00751

Cited by 124 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 246 publications

(277 reference statements)

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“…The diagnostic criterion for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is based upon behavioral symptoms that include a combination of social‐communication deficits occurring along with repetitive and restrictive behaviors and interests [American Psychiatric Association, ]. Despite the fact that ASD is defined by behavior, it is now recognized as being associated with a large number of co‐occurring medical conditions (COCs) beyond the core behavioral symptoms [Tye, Runicles, Whitehouse, & Alvares, ]. A recent study from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network found over 95% of children with ASD to be affected by at least one COC [Soke, Maenner, Christensen, Kurzius‐Spencer, & Schieve, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering of co‐occurring conditions in autism spectrum disorder during early childhood: A retrospective analysis of medical claims data

et al. 2019

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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are frequently affected by co-occurring medical conditions (COCs), which vary in severity, age of onset, and pathophysiological characteristics. The presence of COCs contributes to significant heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of ASD between individuals and a better understanding of COCs may offer greater insight into the etiology of ASD in specific subgroups while also providing guidance for diagnostic and treatment protocols. This study retrospectively analyzed medical claims data from a private United States health plan between years 2000 and 2015 to investigate patterns of COC diagnoses in a cohort of 3,278 children with ASD throughout their first 5 years of enrollment compared to 279,693 children from the general population without ASD diagnoses (POP cohort). Three subgroups of children with ASD were identified by k-means clustering using these COC patterns. The first cluster was characterized by generally high rates of COC diagnosis and comprised 23.7% (n = 776) of the cohort. Diagnoses of developmental delays were dominant in the second cluster containing 26.5% (n = 870) of the cohort. Children in the third cluster, making up 49.8% (n = 1,632) of the cohort, had the lowest rates of COC diagnosis, which were slightly higher than rates observed in the POP cohort. A secondary analysis using these data found that gastrointestinal and immune disorders showed similar longitudinal patterns of prevalence, as did seizure and sleep disorders. These findings may help to better inform the development of diagnostic workup and treatment protocols for COCs in children with ASD.Lay Summary: Medical conditions that co-occur with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) vary significantly from person to person. This study analyzed patterns in diagnosis of co-occurring conditions from medical claims data and observed three subtypes of children with ASD. These results may aid with screening for co-occurring conditions in children with ASD and with understanding ASD subtypes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering of co‐occurring conditions in autism spectrum disorder during early childhood: A retrospective analysis of medical claims data

et al. 2019

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“…It is widely known that ASD have many associated disorders [ 14 ]. Moreover, our results revealed that several disorders such as digestive disorders, intellectual disability and epilepsy are present in the ASD patients of our study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Protective Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case Control Study in the Lebanese Population

Gerges

Bitar

Hawat

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are among the most common childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Identification of risk and protective factors are necessary to improve the guidance of prevention and intervention strategies. Our study aims to determine the potential risk and protective factors in ASD in the Lebanese population. Our case-control study included 100 ASD patients and 100 healthy matched controls recruited from all the Lebanese districts. The data collected from the questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Independent Student T-test and Chi-Square test were carried out for the bivariate analysis of the data. In addition, the variables revealing a p-value < 0.05 were used for the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Multivitamins intake, especially omega 3 and vitamin B (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.257; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.115–0.579]), rich cereal diet (OR = 0.212; 95% CI [0.089–0.510]), and supplementation in iron during pregnancy (OR = 0.229; 95% CI [0.083–0.627]) were identified as protective factors against ASD. On the other hand, stress during pregnancy (OR = 6.339; 95% CI [2.845–14.125]), the presence of ASD patients in the family (OR = 7.878; 95% CI [1.877–33.065]) and the presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients in the family (OR = 6.981; 95% CI [1.362–35.789]) were associated with ASD. This study shed light on risk and protective factors associated with ASD in the Lebanese population. Further rigorous research, taking into consideration these factors, is needed to assist in early detection, prevention and subsequent intervention targeting ASD and its associated comorbidities, given that our study is not experimental and does not prove causality.

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“…It is reported that, three-quarters of children with ASD may also have another medical, psychiatric, or neurological disorder, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, bipolar disorder, inflammatory bowel disease, epilepsy, fragile X syndrome, gender dysphoria, intellectual disability, neuroinflammation and immune disorders, non-verbal learning disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, sensory problems, sleep disorders, tuberous sclerosis, Tourette syndrome and tic disorders (Sharma et al 2018;Tye et al 2019). In our study, half of the children with autism have intestinal problems, and almost all the children with this problem have also developed fungal infections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of pharmacists in the management of autism spectrum disorder: A survey to determine the knowledge and perception of the parents

Kara¹,

Cakir²,

Durman³

et al. 2019

Istanbul J Pharm

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, limitations and deviations in verbal and nonverbal skills, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. The worldwide prevalence of ASD has been steadily increasing in recent decades. In 2016, the USA National Health Center for Health Statistics reported that ASD could be found in 1 out of 36 children (Christensen et al. 2016; Sharma et al. 2018). Due to the large variation in deficiencies and the deviations in symptoms between patients, the diagnosis of ASD can be quite difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish ASD from other neuropsychiatric disorders, and use appropriate evaluation methods to diagnose correctly in order to improve the clinical management of the disease (National Institute of Mental Health 2018; Baumer and Spence 2018).Recent studies have shown that multiple genetic factors play a role in the development of ASD (Lovato 2019). Siblings of ASD children also carry a higher risk of developing ASD (Bolton et al. 1994). It is reported that genetic and chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down's syndrome or fragile X syndrome, can be found in 10% of the children with ASD (DiGuiseppi et al. 2010; Hall et al. 2008). In addition, parental history of psychiatric disorders, premature birth and fetal exposure to psychotropic drugs, toxins, heavy metals and insecticides have been linked to the pathophysiology of ASD (Cattane et al. 2018; Sharma et al. 2018). With the emergence of possible etiologic causes, new therapy approaches may be introduced in the treatment of ASD (Emberti Gialloreti et al. 2019).

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Characterizing the Interplay Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Comorbid Medical Conditions: An Integrative Review

Cited by 124 publications

References 246 publications

Clustering of co‐occurring conditions in autism spectrum disorder during early childhood: A retrospective analysis of medical claims data

Clustering of co‐occurring conditions in autism spectrum disorder during early childhood: A retrospective analysis of medical claims data

Risk and Protective Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case Control Study in the Lebanese Population

The role of pharmacists in the management of autism spectrum disorder: A survey to determine the knowledge and perception of the parents

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