Charcoal burning as a source of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in waterpipe smoking

Nguyen, Thao; Hlangothi, Duma; Martinez, R. A.; Jacob, Durelle; Anthony, Kevin; Nance, Herb; Saleh, Mahmoud A.

doi:10.1080/03601234.2013.824300

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The IARC reported that charcoal emissions are carcinogenic to humans, and benzene is one of its chemical constituents (72). Three studies have reported that charcoal used for hookah tobacco smoking contributed to quantities of CO and PAHs in mainstream hookah smoke; however, these studies did not quantify benzene in hookah charcoal emission (55,70,71).…”

Section: Percent Of Non-smokers Time Spent In Minutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hookah tobacco is generally moist and does not burn in a self-sustaining manner, as with cigarettes (55,70,71). Therefore, burning charcoal is placed on top of the tobacco covered with perforated aluminum foil at the start of a use session, and is replaced one or more times during the smoking session (55,71).…”

Section: Percent Of Non-smokers Time Spent In Minutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Kassem

Jackson

Liles

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Benzene is a human hematotoxicant and a leukemogen that causes lymphohematopoietic cancers, especially acute myelogenous leukemia. We investigated uptake of benzene in hookah smokers and non-smokers attending hookah social events in naturalistic settings where hookah tobacco was smoked exclusively.Methods: We quantified S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA), a metabolite of benzene, in the urine of 105 hookah smokers and 103 non-smokers. Participants provided spot urine samples the morning of and the morning after attending an indoor hookah-only smoking social event at a hookah lounge or in a private home.Results: Urinary SPMA levels in hookah smokers increased significantly following a hookah social event (P < 0.001). This increase was 4.2 times higher after hookah lounge events (P < 0.001) and 1.9 times higher after home events (P ¼ 0.003). In non-smokers, urinary SPMA levels increased 2.6 times after hookah lounge events (P ¼ 0.055); however, similar urinary SPMA levels were detected before and after home events, possibly indicating chronic exposure to benzene (P ¼ 0.933).Conclusions: Our data provide the first evidence for uptake of benzene in hookah smokers and non-smokers exposed to hookah tobacco secondhand smoke at social events in private homes compared with their counterparts in hookah lounges. Hookah tobacco smoke is a source of benzene exposure, a risk factor for leukemia.Impact: Because there is no safe level of exposure to benzene, our results call for interventions to reduce or prevent hookah tobacco use, regulatory actions to limit hookah-related exposure to toxicants including benzene, initiate labeling of hookah-related products, and include hookah smoking in clean indoor air legislation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2793-809. Ó2014 AACR.

show abstract

Section: Percent Of Non-smokers Time Spent In Minutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Percent Of Non-smokers Time Spent In Minutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Kassem

Jackson

Liles

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These toxicants include carbon monoxide (CO; [64,70,71]), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [70,72–74], volatile aldehydes [75–77], and nicotine [64,71]. Exposure to these toxicants is associated with a variety of adverse health consequences including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and pulmonary disease, and nicotine/tobacco dependence.…”

Section: Toxicants In Waterpipe Tobacco Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

Waterpipe tobacco-smoking: a new smoking epidemic among the young?

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Waterpipe (hookah, narghile) tobacco smoking (WTS) is becoming prevalent worldwide and is one of the most popular forms of tobacco use among youth. WTS prevalence has increased dramatically among youth in the United States within the past decade. Misperceived as less harmful than cigarette smoking, WTS is associated with many of the same chronic health effects such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, bronchitis, and asthma. Much of this risk is due to the fact that a single WTS session exposes users to large volumes of smoke that contain toxic chemicals such as carbon monoxide, cancer-causing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile aldehydes. Unlike cigarette smoking, WTS poses unique risks of acute negative health outcomes including carbon monoxide poisoning and the spread of communicable diseases such as herpes and tuberculosis. Because waterpipe tobacco smoke contains the addictive chemical nicotine, youth who smoke tobacco from a waterpipe may be at risk for dependence. As a result, many youth may initiate WTS and continue to use despite negative health effects. Considering many of the potential negative health effects associated with WTS affect the pulmonary system, pulmonologists and primary care providers may treat patients who are waterpipe tobacco smokers and should be aware of the risk associated with WTS. The purpose of this review is to describe a waterpipe, the prevalence and correlates of WTS, the toxicants found in waterpipe tobacco smoke, the health effects of WTS, and implications for pulmonologists and other clinicians.

show abstract

“…As with any tobacco smoking, waterpipe smoking exposes users to clinically harmful levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines,[ 3 – 5 ] polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other common toxicants found in tobacco. [ 6 – 8 ] Emerging evidence also suggests that users are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases,[ 9 , 10 ] lung cancer,[ 11 ] and other respiratory conditions[ 12 , 13 ] relative to non-users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterpipe Tobacco Use in the United Kingdom: A Cross-Sectional Study among University Students and Stop Smoking Practitioners

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionDespite cigarette-like adverse health outcomes associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking and increase in its use among youth, it is a much underexplored research area. We aimed to measure the prevalence and patterns of waterpipe tobacco use and evaluate tobacco control policy with respect to waterpipe tobacco, in several universities across the UK. We also aimed to measure stop smoking practitioners’ encounter of waterpipe tobacco smoking.MethodsWe distributed an online survey to six UK universities, asking detailed questions on waterpipe tobacco. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, graduate status, university and socioeconomic status (SES) assessed associations between waterpipe tobacco smoking (single use and dual use with cigarettes) and sociodemographic variables. SES was ascertained by average weekly self-spend on non-essentials. We also descriptively analysed data from a 2012 survey of stop smoking practitioners to assess the proportion of clients that used waterpipe regularly.Resultsf 2217 student responses, 66.0% (95% CI 63.9–68.0%) had tried waterpipe tobacco smoking; 14.3% (95% CI 12.8–15.8%) reported past-30 day use, and 8.7% (95% CI 7.6–9.9%) reported at least monthly users. Past-30 day waterpipe-only use was associated with being younger (AOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99), male (AOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08–1.94), higher SES (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.28) and belonging to non-white ethnicities (vs. white, AOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.66–3.04). Compared to less than monthly users, monthly users were significantly more likely to have urges to smoke waterpipe (28.1% vs. 3.1%, p<0.001) report difficulty in quitting (15.5% vs. 0.8%, p<0.001), report feeling guilty, and annoyed when criticised about waterpipe smoking (19.2% vs. 9.2%, p<0.001). Nearly a third (32.5%) of respondents who had tried waterpipe had violated the UK smokefree law and a quarter (24.5%) reporting seeing health warnings on waterpipe tobacco packaging or apparatuses. Of 1,282 smoking cessation practitioners, a quarter (23.4%, 95% CI 21.5–26.1%) reported having some clients who regularly use waterpipes, but 69.5% (95% CI 67.0–72.0%) never ask clients about waterpipe use. Three quarters (74.8%, 95% CI 72.4–77.1%) want more information about waterpipe tobacco smoking.ConclusionsWhile two thirds of university students have ever tried waterpipe tobacco, at least monthly use is less common. Regular users display features of waterpipe tobacco dependence, and a substantial minority of SSS practitioners encounter clients who regularly use waterpipe. The lack of training on waterpipe for SSS practitioners and reported violations of smokefree laws for waterpipe highlight the need for regular surveillance of and a coordinated tobacco control strategy for waterpipe use.

show abstract

Charcoal burning as a source of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in waterpipe smoking

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Waterpipe tobacco-smoking: a new smoking epidemic among the young?

Waterpipe Tobacco Use in the United Kingdom: A Cross-Sectional Study among University Students and Stop Smoking Practitioners

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About