Charge correlations as a probe of nuclear disassembly

Kreutz, P.; Adioff, J.C.; Begemann-Blaich, M.; Bouissou, P.; Hubele, J.; Immé, G.; Iori, I.; Kunde, G. J.; Leray, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Liu, Z.; Lynen, U.; Meijer, R.J.; Milkau, Udo; Moroni, A.; Müller, W. F. J.; Ngô, Christian; Ogilvie, C. A.; Pochodzalla, J.; Raciti, G.; Rudolf, G.; Sann, H.; Schüttauf, A.; Seidel, W.; Stuttgé, L.; Trautmann, W.; Tucholski, A.

doi:10.1016/0375-9474(93)90476-e

Cited by 124 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…peaks at Z bound = 55 which is slightly larger than reported previously [3] Once more, we emphasize the striking invariance of the partition patterns with the incident energy as evident from figs. 6 and 8.…”

Section: Spectator Sourcesupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The fragmentation of 197 Au projectiles of 10.6 GeV per nucleon in collisions with emulsion targets was also investigated by the KLMM Collaboration [42,43]. In their more recent report [43] these authors present a rather detailed comparison with the data of Hubele et al [2] and Kreutz et al [3]. Some of the conclusions are modified if the comparison is made with the new data of this work.…”

Section: Fragmentation At High Bombarding Energiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…At 1000 MeV per nucleon, the adopted angular limit coincides with the vertical accep- The invariance with respect to the bombarding energy also holds for other charge correlations that have been found useful to characterize the population of the partition space in the fragmentation process [3]. Six of these observables, as measured at the four bombarding energies, are given in fig.…”

Section: Spectator Sourcementioning

confidence: 84%

“…Intriguingly, the fragment-charge correlations from these first experiments were also reproduced to high accuracy with a variety of other models, such as site-bond-percolation [3], classical-cluster formation [11], fragmentation-inactivation binary [12], and restructured-aggregation models [13]. Some of these models are of a predominantly mathematical nature, have very few parameters, and do not contain any of the nuclear physics input on which the statistical models are based.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the first experiments with the ALADIN spectrometer, performed with 197 Au beams of E/A = 600 MeV, it has manifested itself as an invariance of the observed patterns of projectile fragmentation with respect to the chosen target [1][2][3]. The mean number of projectile fragments produced as well as other observables characterizing the populated partition space were found to be the same for all targets, ranging from carbon to lead, if they were plotted as a function of Z bound .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Universality of spectator fragmentation at relativistic bombarding energies

et al. 1996

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Multi-fragment decays of 129 Xe, 197 Au, and 238 U projectiles in collisions with Be, C, Al, Cu, In, Au, and U targets at energies between E/A = 400 MeV and 1000 MeV have been studied with the ALADIN forward-spectrometer at SIS. By adding an array of 84 SiCsI(Tl) telescopes the solid-angle coverage of the setup was extended to θ lab = 16 • . This permitted the complete detection of fragments from the projectile-spectator source.The dominant feature of the systematic set of data is the Z bound universality that is obeyed by the fragment multiplicities and correlations. These observables are invariant with respect to the entrance channel if plotted as a function of Z bound , where Z bound is the sum of the atomic numbers Z i of all projectile fragments with Z i ≥ 2. No significant dependence on the bombarding energy nor on the target mass is observed. The dependence of the fragment multiplicity on the projectile mass follows a linear scaling law.The reasons for and the limits of the observed universality of spectator fragmentation are explored within the realm of the available data and with model studies. It is found that the universal properties should persist up to much higher bombarding energies than explored in this work and that they are consistent with universal features exhibited by the intranuclear cascade and statistical multifragmentation models.

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Section: Spectator Sourcesupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Fragmentation At High Bombarding Energiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Spectator Sourcementioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Universality of spectator fragmentation at relativistic bombarding energies

et al. 1996

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Inclusion of Quantum Fluctuations in Wave Packet Dynamics

Ohnishi

Randrup

1997

Annals of Physics

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We discuss a method by which quantum fluctuations can be included in microscopic transport models based on wave packets that are not energy eigenstates. By including the next-to-leading order term in the cumulant expansion of the statistical weight, which corresponds to the wave packets having Poisson energy distributions, we obtain a much improved global description of the quantum statistical properties of the many-body system. In the case of atomic nuclei, exemplified by 12 C and 40 Ca, the standard liquid-drop results are reproduced at low temperatures and a phase transformation to a fragment gas occurs as the temperature is raised. The treatment can be extended to dynamical scenarios by means of a Langevin force emulating the transitions between the wave packets. The general form of the associated transport coefficients is derived and it is shown that the appropriate microcanonical equilibrium distribution is achieved in the course of the time evolution. Finally, invoking Fermi's golden rule, we derive specific expressions for the transport coefficients and verify that they satisfy the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.

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Notes on scaling and critical behaviour in nuclear fragmentation

Campi

Krivine

Response of the Nuclear System to External Forces

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Charge correlations as a probe of nuclear disassembly

Cited by 124 publications

References 25 publications

Universality of spectator fragmentation at relativistic bombarding energies

Universality of spectator fragmentation at relativistic bombarding energies

Inclusion of Quantum Fluctuations in Wave Packet Dynamics

Notes on scaling and critical behaviour in nuclear fragmentation

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