Check measurements of magnetic flux density: Equipment design and the determination of the confidence interval for EFA 300 measuring devices

Liptai, Pavol; Dolník, Bystrík; Pavlík, Marek; Zbojovský, Ján; Špes, Michal

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2017.07.022

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For increased wavelength spacing, the pulses overlap for such a short time that the XPM effect is virtually negligible. In DWDM systems, XPM converts power fluctuations in individual wavelength channels to phase fluctuations in other simultaneously propagating channels [18,26,27]. This causes a widening of the pulse, which can be significantly suppressed in WDM systems using standard nondispersive single mode OFs.…”

Section: Threshold Values Control and Xpm Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Nonlinear XPM Phenomenon by Selection of Appropriate Transmit Power Levels in the DWDM System

Ivaniga

2019

International Journal of Optics

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In the 21st century, it is not possible to implement fully optical communication systems without software tools to test the system for all unwanted phenomena occurring during real-time operation. With ever-increasing transmission rate and low latency, nonlinear phenomena are associated with higher power levels and smaller spacing between channels began to appear in OFs (optical fibers). This paper aims to implement a four-channel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) system on which the nonlinear XPM (cross-phase modulation) phenomenon will be investigated. At the output of the system, we will eliminate the phenomenon (partially suppressed) by the appropriate choice of transmitting power levels (power levels operating at 193,025 THz to 193,175 THz) when the OF is dispersed. In optical transfer data systems a system is functioning if the measured BER parameter is not bigger than 10−12.

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Section: Threshold Values Control and Xpm Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Nonlinear XPM Phenomenon by Selection of Appropriate Transmit Power Levels in the DWDM System

Ivaniga

2019

International Journal of Optics

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“…Also, the resistance against PMD decreases with the multiplication of speed to the limiting points of 3 ps for 40 Gbit.s -1 and 1 ps for 100 Gbit.s -1 . It is created due to the production imperfections of OF and it causes delay between polarisation components [21]. Its compensation is not a stochastic process, compared to the chromatic dispersion.…”

Section: Fusion Of Cwdm/dwdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

JESTR

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The continual increase in transfer capacity and speed leads to the continual improvement of fully optical transfer communication systems. The aim of this article is to present the creation of an 8-channel CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplex) system (gap spacing of 20 nm), where 10 channels, with gaps of 2 nm are gradually inserted between wavelengths of 1530 nm to 1550 nm according to the ITU-T G.694.1 recommendation. This system is evaluated using the BER (Bit Error Rate) of a specific channel operating on a wavelength of 1540 nm. In the topology we used an EDFA (Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier) placed In-Line at 90 km with a bit speed of 10 Gbit.s-1. Consequently, in order to overcome the problem of distance, an optical loop with an appropriate EDFA configuration was created. This article presents the basic mathematical description of bit error rate and also deals with the possibility of the incorporation of CWDM and DWDM systems into existing infrastructures.

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“…This non-linear effect is caused at the light propagation of two or more wavelengths in one optical fibre [15][16][17]. It results in a new light wave in the optical fibre, called idler, whose wavelength is not identical with as the wavelengths of the input light [18,20]. When three signals with the frequency f i , f j and f k are propagated in one optical fibre, through the interaction betweeen these signals a new signal will be generated with the frequency of:…”

Section: Mathematical Description Of Awgmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of FWM with AWG Multiplexor in DWDM System

Ivaniga

Turán

et al. 2018

ELECTROTECHNICAL REVIEW

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This article focuses on the creation of the sixteen-channel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) system according to the recommendation ITU-T G.694.1. Currently it is not possible to form a fully optical communication system without testing all non-linear effects possibly influencing its performance. The trend in high-speed transfer communication systems is using the multiplex, so we focused on the AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating) multiplexor/demultiplexor. For the purpose of this article we have created a DWDM system with the speed of 10Gbps where we compared two line codes, namely NRZ (Non Return Zero) and BRZ (Bipolar Return Zero) for the channel gaps of 12.5GHz and 100GHz. The individual codes were created in the "Matlab" programme and consequently implemented into the environment generated by "OptSim" by the RSoft company. The resulting signal was evaluated based on BER (Bit Error Rate) and the connected Q-factor for the channel No.3. The created system shows the influence of the system by the non-linear effect FWM (Four Wave Mixing) during the compression between the channels. Streszczenie. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu utworzenie szesnastowego kanału DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) zgodnie z normą ITU-T G.694.1. Obecnie nie jest możliwe wdrożenie w pełni optycznego systemu komunikacyjnego bez testowania wszystkich zjawisk nieliniowych, które mogą działać w danym systemie w czasie rzeczywistym. Ponieważ w systemach transmisji danych o dużej szybkości wykorzystuje się multipleks, skupiliśmy się na multiplekserze i demultiplekserze AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating). W artykule zbadano system DWDM o szybkości 10Gbps, porównujący dwa kody linii NRZ (Non Return Zero) i BRZ (Bipolar Return Zero) dla kanałów 12.5 GHz i 100 GHz. Poszczególne kody zostały utworzone w programie Matlab, a następnie zostały wdrożone w środowisku OptSim przez firmę RSoft. Powstały system jest obliczany na podstawie szybkości błędu bitowego BER i związanego z tym współczynnika Q dla określonego kanału nr 3. Utworzony system pokazuje wpływ na system poprzez efekt nieliniowy FWM (Four Wave Mixing) podczas kompresji między kanałami. (Wpływ FWM z multiplekserem AWG w systemie DWDM).

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Check measurements of magnetic flux density: Equipment design and the determination of the confidence interval for EFA 300 measuring devices

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Suppression of Nonlinear XPM Phenomenon by Selection of Appropriate Transmit Power Levels in the DWDM System

Suppression of Nonlinear XPM Phenomenon by Selection of Appropriate Transmit Power Levels in the DWDM System

Untitled

The Influence of FWM with AWG Multiplexor in DWDM System

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