Checkered Flags and Mediated Friendships: Parasocial Interaction among NASCAR Fans

Spinda, John S.W.; Earnheardt, Adam C.; Hugenberg, Lawrence W.

doi:10.1353/jsm.0.0041

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…On the one hand, the "sheer pleasure of being together" (Hamilton et al, 2014) characterizes the hedonic gratification that a viewer may gain from the PSI with co-viewers. Research suggests that viewers enjoy watching with others, believe interacting with other viewers is an important part of watching, and like to talk and socialize with others around them during the performance (Spinda et al, 2009). Harris (2017) found that people enjoy being with other co-viewers who are all laughing simultaneously.…”

Section: Effects Of the Para-social Interaction On The Shopping Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2014) characterizes the hedonic gratification that a viewer may gain from the PSI with co-viewers. Research suggests that viewers enjoy watching with others, believe interacting with other viewers is an important part of watching, and like to talk and socialize with others around them during the performance (Spinda et al. , 2009).…”

Section: Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Live-streaming shopping: the impacts of para-social interaction and local presence on impulse buying through shopping value

2023

IMDS

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PurposeThis study examines factors influencing viewers' impulse buying intention in live streaming. The authors draw upon the value theory to theorize how the product (i.e., local presence) and para-social interaction (PSI) in live-streaming shopping improve customers' shopping values and how these values subsequently influence their urge to buy impulsively. In addition, the authors examine value differences in live-streaming shopping through gender differences and previous shopping experiences.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted in this study. Members with browsing or shopping experience of live-streaming shopping sites were invited. The structural equation model was used to conduct confirmative factor analysis (CFA) to assess the convergent validity (item loadings), internal consistency (reliability), discriminant validity, causality hypotheses, and mediating effects.FindingsUtilitarian value appears more important than hedonic value in influencing consumers' urge to buy impulsively. Moreover, PSI with the co-viewers is more influential than PSI with the streamer on utilitarian and hedonic values. Finally, gender differences and prior live-streaming shopping experience moderate the relationship between shopping values and the urge to buy impulsively.Originality/valueThe authors extend the concept of PSI from a celebrity (the streamer) to co-viewers and find that PSI with co-viewers is crucial to impulse buying in live streaming. Additionally, the authors’ finding reveals that consumers with individual differences may react differently to the same set of perceived values in determining the level of their impulse shopping intention.

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Section: Effects Of the Para-social Interaction On The Shopping Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live-streaming shopping: the impacts of para-social interaction and local presence on impulse buying through shopping value

2023

IMDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This kind of relationship, which in some cases has led to increased fandom, has been documented in other motorsport studies of e.g. NASCAR (Spinda, Earnheardt, & Hugenberg, 2009) and Formula 1 (Hartmann, Stuke, & Daschmann, 2008). Although there is an increase in social interactions between athletes and fans it is "not yet the norm" (Boehmer 2016, p. 466).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 73%

Fan Engagement in Motorsports: A Case of the FIA World Rally Championship

Naess

Tickell

2019

JOMI

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Social media success is increasingly being linked to profitable relations between sporting teams and their communities of fans. Through a case study of RallytheWorld, Volkswagen’s social media campaign 2013-2016 for the FIA World Rally Championship (WRC), this paper provides sports marketers with relevant practices on how to develop social media strategies and building relationships with and between the fans. Drawing upon theories of community facilitation and ‘transmedia storytelling’, as well as the method of autoethnography, our finding is that RallytheWorld, through its audience engagement techniques provided WRC fans with a new experience while respecting the championship’s sporting traditions. This combination, we argue, made RallytheWorld a qualitatively better offer to rally fans than comparable social media campaigns in the WRC.

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Fantastic relationships and where to find them: Fantasy and its impact on romantic parasocial phenomena with media characters

Liebers

Straub

2020

Poetics

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Checkered Flags and Mediated Friendships: Parasocial Interaction among NASCAR Fans

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Live-streaming shopping: the impacts of para-social interaction and local presence on impulse buying through shopping value

Live-streaming shopping: the impacts of para-social interaction and local presence on impulse buying through shopping value

Fan Engagement in Motorsports: A Case of the FIA World Rally Championship

Fantastic relationships and where to find them: Fantasy and its impact on romantic parasocial phenomena with media characters

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