Chemical and Antimicrobial Profiling of Propolis from Different Regions within Libya

Abstract

Extracts from twelve samples of propolis collected from different regions of Libya were tested for their activity against Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania donovani, Plasmodium falciparum, Crithidia fasciculata and Mycobacterium marinum and the cytotoxicity of the extracts was tested against mammalian cells. All the extracts were active to some degree against all of the protozoa and the mycobacterium, exhibiting a range of EC50 values between 1.65 and 53.6 μg/ml. The toxicity against mammalian cell lines was only moderate; the most active extract against the protozoan species, P2, displayed an IC50 value of 53.2 μg/ml. The extracts were profiled by using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. The data sets were extracted using m/z Mine and the accurate masses of the features extracted were searched against the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP). A principal component analysis (PCA) model was constructed which, in combination with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), divided the samples into five groups. The outlying groups had different sets of dominant compounds in the extracts, which could be characterised by their elemental composition. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) analysis was used to link the activity of each extract against the different micro-organisms to particular components in the extracts.

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic properties of various Brazilian propolis extracts

“…Different MIC values observed in experiments with the same strains of bacteria can be explained by different times and locations of sample collection. Such relationships have also been demonstrated in other studies [ 25 , 46 , 56 , 57 ]. As reported by us previously [ 25 ] and confirmed in our present study, among the samples evaluated, the extracts of red propolis exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity indicating a promising biological potential of this type of propolis [ 22 , 29 , 38 ].…”

Insight on Propolis from Mediterranean Countries: Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and Application Fields

“…In Libya, propolis from Tukra and Al'Aquriyah, showed an important activity against Trypanosoma brucei, which is the aetiologic agent of sleeping sickness, and Leishmania donovani, which causes visceral leishmaniasis Trypanosoma brucei. [116] Later on, the authors, [114] supported the previous finding regarding antiparasitic activity of Libyan propolis: antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial, anti-Mycobacterium marinum, anti-Plasmodium falciparum and anti-Crithidia fasciculata.…”

“…Phytochemical analysis of the Libyan propolis display the presence of compounds belonged to phenolic, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols and coumarins. [114,115] Siheri et al [116] have isolated three diterpenes [13-epi-torulosal (37), acetyl-13-epi-cupressic acid (75) and 13-epi-cupressic acid (76)] ( Figure 4) from Libyan propolis with antiprotozoal effect.…”

Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Ethanolic Extract from Tetragonula Bee

“…The content of 8-epi-helenalin compounds in this research, was the first reported to be found in propolis. While sesamin has been reported by Bankova V (2000) contained in Propolis of the Canary Islands.1 Then the content of curcumin in propolis has been reported by Li Yang (2013) who examines Chinese propolis.30 Then the compound kushenol F has been reported to be present in Libyan propolis by Siheri et al (2016). 31 …”