Chemical and Biochemical Analysis Using Scanning Force Microscopy

Takano, Hajime; Kenseth, Jeremy R.; Wong, Sze Shun; O'Brien, Janese C.; Porter, Marc D.

doi:10.1021/cr9801317

Cited by 254 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 392 publications

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“…AFM imaging also has been used to obtain images of kidney stones (26). Surprisingly, the force measurement capability of AFM imaging, which has been used extensively for quantitative measurement of adhesion forces between various molecular and biomolecular surfaces (27,28), has been rather limited with respect to single crystal surfaces (29)(30)(31). To our knowledge, the adhesion properties of different faces of a crystalline material have never been examined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion at calcium oxalate crystal surfaces and the effect of urinary constituents

Sheng

Jung

Wesson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

160

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Kidney stones, aggregates of microcrystals, most commonly contain calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) as the primary constituent. The aggregation of COM microcrystals and their attachment to epithelial cells are thought to involve adhesion at COM crystal surfaces, mediated by anionic molecules or urinary macromolecules. Identification of the most important functional group-crystal face adhesive combinations is crucial to understanding the stability of COM aggregates and the strength of their attachments to epithelial cell surfaces under flow in the renal tubules of the kidney. Here, we describe direct measurements of adhesion forces, by atomic force microscopy, between various functional groups and select faces of COM crystals immersed in aqueous media. Tip-immobilized carboxylate and amidinium groups displayed the largest adhesion forces, and the adhesive strength of the COM crystal faces decreased in the order (100) > (121 ) > (010), demonstrating that adhesion is sensitive to the structure and composition of crystal faces. The influence of citrate and certain urinary proteins on adhesion was examined, and it was curious that osteopontin, a suspected regulator of stone formation, increased the adhesion force between a carboxylate tip and the (100) crystal face. This behavior was unique among the various combinations of additives and COM crystal faces examined here. Collectively, the force measurements demonstrate that adhesion of functional groups and binding of soluble additives, including urinary macromolecules, to COM crystal surfaces are highly specific in nature, suggesting a path toward a better understanding of kidney stone disease and the eventual design of therapeutic agents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion at calcium oxalate crystal surfaces and the effect of urinary constituents

Sheng

Jung

Wesson

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both imaging and force measurements can be performed in a liquid medium, making this method ideal for examining biologically relevant processes. The force measurement capability has been used for quantitative measurement of adhesion forces between various molecular and biomolecular surfaces (19,20), but only recently has it been used to diagnose adhesion events at single crystal surfaces (21,22,23,24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Surface Adhesion Explains the Pathological Activity of Calcium Oxalate Hydrates in Kidney Stone Formation

Sheng

Ward

Wesson

2005

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

109

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Renal tubular fluid in the distal nephron of the kidney is supersaturated with calcium oxalate (CaOx), which crystallizes in the tubules as either calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) or calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). Kidney stones are aggregates, most commonly containing microcrystals of COM as the primary inorganic constituent. Stones also contain small amounts of embedded proteins, which are thought to play an adhesive role in these aggregates, and they often are found attached to the tip of renal papilla, presumably through adhesive contacts. Voided urine, however, often contains COD in the form of single micron-sized crystals. This suggests that COD formation protects against stone disease because of its reduced capacity to form stable aggregates and strong adhesion contacts to renal epithelial cells. Using atomic force microscopy configured with tips modified with biologically relevant functional groups, we have compared the adhesion strengths of the morphologically important faces of COM and COD. These measurements provide direct experimental evidence, at the near molecular level, for poorer adhesion at COD crystal faces, which explains the benign character of COD and has implications for resolving one of the mysteries of kidney stone formation.

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“…Many studies have investigated the characteristics of this system using techniques 4,46,47 including: d i f f r a~t i o n , 3~~~ ellipsometry,"3'4549 temperature programmed desorption, wettability, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopy,'s's4s45,47,48,55,56 surface Raman s~a t t e r i n g~~~~~ scanning tunneling and atomic 4,4549,51,54 .…”

Section: N-alkanethiolates On Goldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By equating Equations 2 and 3 and solving for dL, we get xrQ d L =c (4) This equation therefore indicates that as long as dL is less than the third dimension of the deposition container, the number of thiols present in the volume element is sufficient to satisfy that required by x. …”

Section: Linear Diffusion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Function Evolution of Thiolate Monolayers on Gold

Edwards

2006

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Chemical and Biochemical Analysis Using Scanning Force Microscopy

Cited by 254 publications

References 392 publications

Adhesion at calcium oxalate crystal surfaces and the effect of urinary constituents

Adhesion at calcium oxalate crystal surfaces and the effect of urinary constituents

Crystal Surface Adhesion Explains the Pathological Activity of Calcium Oxalate Hydrates in Kidney Stone Formation

Structure and Function Evolution of Thiolate Monolayers on Gold

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