Chemical Characteristics and Functional Properties of Chitosan

Lizardi‐Mendoza, Jaime; Argüelles‐Monal, Waldo; Valencia, Francisco M. Goycoolea

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802735-6.00001-x

Cited by 87 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…The primary hydroxyl group is free to rotate in the spatial conformation, with low steric hindrance, while the secondary hydroxyl group is not able to rotate, with high steric hindrance, and the activity of C 2 -NH 2 is higher than that of the primary hydroxyl group. Therefore, the order of activity of the acylation reaction is C 2 -NH 2 > C 6 -OH > C 3 -OH [27,28]. An acylation reaction that occurs with C 2 -NH 2 to form an amide is called N-acylation [29].…”

Section: Acylated Modified Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Derivatives and Their Application in Biomedicine

Wang

Meng

et al. 2020

IJMS

649

326

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Chitosan is a product of the deacetylation of chitin, which is widely found in nature. Chitosan is insoluble in water and most organic solvents, which seriously limits both its application scope and applicable fields. However, chitosan contains active functional groups that are liable to chemical reactions; thus, chitosan derivatives can be obtained through the chemical modification of chitosan. The modification of chitosan has been an important aspect of chitosan research, showing a better solubility, pH-sensitive targeting, an increased number of delivery systems, etc. This review summarizes the modification of chitosan by acylation, carboxylation, alkylation, and quaternization in order to improve the water solubility, pH sensitivity, and the targeting of chitosan derivatives. The applications of chitosan derivatives in the antibacterial, sustained slowly release, targeting, and delivery system fields are also described. Chitosan derivatives will have a large impact and show potential in biomedicine for the development of drugs in future.

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Section: Acylated Modified Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Derivatives and Their Application in Biomedicine

Wang

Meng

et al. 2020

IJMS

649

326

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“…Chitosan is a linear aminated polysaccharide derived from chitin, the exoskeletons of shellfish. Functionality is determined by the degree of acetylation and molecular weight, affecting solubility, mechanical strength, biodegradability, and bioactivity [221]. Chitosan scaffolds have been bioprinted via extrusion using silk particles as a filler material to improve the flow properties of the hydrogel ink, the print accuracy, mechanical reinforcement, surface roughness, and biological performance [222,223].…”

Section: Process and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered 3D Polymer and Hydrogel Microenvironments for Cell Culture Applications

2019

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The realization of biomimetic microenvironments for cell biology applications such as organ-on-chip, in vitro drug screening, and tissue engineering is one of the most fascinating research areas in the field of bioengineering. The continuous evolution of additive manufacturing techniques provides the tools to engineer these architectures at different scales. Moreover, it is now possible to tailor their biomechanical and topological properties while taking inspiration from the characteristics of the extracellular matrix, the three-dimensional scaffold in which cells proliferate, migrate, and differentiate. In such context, there is therefore a continuous quest for synthetic and nature-derived composite materials that must hold biocompatible, biodegradable, bioactive features and also be compatible with the envisioned fabrication strategy. The structure of the current review is intended to provide to both micro-engineers and cell biologists a comparative overview of the characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks of the major 3D printing techniques, the most promising biomaterials candidates, and the trade-offs that must be considered in order to replicate the properties of natural microenvironments.

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“…The chemical structure of chitosan is represented in Figure 2. The most common purposes for modifying chitosan include improvement of its solubility at neutral or alkaline pH and to impart specific functional properties [42]. Among the different chemical approaches to modify chitosan, the grafting procedures open a huge range of possibilities to achieve versatile molecular designs for new advanced materials.…”

Section: Chitosan Thermosensitive Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-Based Thermosensitive Materials

Argüelles‐Monal¹,

Recillas-Mota²,

Fernández‐Quiroz³

2017

Biological Activities and Application of Marine Polysaccharides

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Thermosensitive polymers are materials capable of undergoing a reversible phase transition in aqueous media in response to a variation of the temperature. They have attracted high scientific interest for advanced applications in diverse areas, such as biotechnology, biomedical, environmental, food industry and other fields. At the same time, chitosan is a promising marine polysaccharide that has long been used in applications such as drug, peptide or gene delivery systems. Being the most abundant marine polysaccharide, chitin and chitosan do not exhibit thermoresponsive properties, but some of their derivatives do. In the present chapter, the efforts to produce chitosan-based thermosensitive materials are reviewed. Particularly, the properties and applications of chitosan-glycerophosphate thermogelling system are examined; the methods of synthesis of chitosan copolymers grafted with poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) or poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), their physicochemical properties and most of their prominent applications are discussed as well.

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Chemical Characteristics and Functional Properties of Chitosan

Cited by 87 publications

References 162 publications

Chitosan Derivatives and Their Application in Biomedicine

Chitosan Derivatives and Their Application in Biomedicine

Engineered 3D Polymer and Hydrogel Microenvironments for Cell Culture Applications

Chitosan-Based Thermosensitive Materials

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