Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Daucus carota sativa seeds

Abstract

Essential oils from many plants are known to exhibit antimicrobial activity that can act as a chemical protectant against pathogenic plant diseases [1,2]. Essential oils (EO) from carrot seeds contain biologically active compounds [3,4] and, although their biological activity has been known for a long time, the chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil from seeds of carrots growing in Uzbekistan have not yet been studied.Commercially available carrot seeds (Daucus carota sativa, 100 g) were extracted for 4 h by steam distillation. The amber-colored essential oil was separated from water by ether and dried overnight over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 to afford essential oil in 2.2% yield.The chemical composition of EO was studied by GC/MS on a Perkin-Elmer Turbo Mass Aid System XL gas chromatograph with a quadrupole mass spectrometer as the detector. We used a quartz capillary column (PE-5MS, 30 m × 0.25 mm) with a deposited stationary phase of copolymer (5% phenylmethylsilicone) 0.25 µm thick. The He carrier gas flow rate was 1 mL/min. The column temperature thermostat was programmed as follows: hold for 2 min at 75°C, heat to 100°C at 2°C/min, to 160°C at 4°C/min; and to 220°C at 2°C/min; hold at this temperature for 2 min. The duration of the final isothermal regime was 20 min at 230°C. Samples (0.2 µL) were injected with vaporizer temperature 180°C, detector 220°C, ionization potential 70 eV, and m/z 30-550.The contents of EO components were calculated using GC peak areas without correlation coefficients. Components were identified based on a comparison of retention times and full mass spectra with those of standard EO components and pure compounds and a search of the NBS, NIST, and Wiley mass spectrometric libraries.A total of 18 chemical components consisting of 99.98% of the EO were identified in seeds of Daucus carota sativa. According to the GC/MS results, the main components of carrot-seed EO were β-bisabolene (80.49%), α-asarone (8.8%), and cis-α-bergamoten (5.51%). The total amount of main components was 95.72% of the total EO content. Table 1 gives the chemical components and their molecular formulas and relative percent contents according to the mass spectrometric analyses.The main components of carrot-seed EO from France and Hungary were α-pinene (13%), β-pinene (18%), carotol (18%), and β-bisabolene [5,6]. However, the main components of EO from Uzbekistan were β-bisabolene (80.49%), asarone (8.8%), and cis-α-bergamoten (5.51%). The variation in the EO component compositions is probably due to growing conditions. The antiicrobial activity of the EO fractions against Candida albican and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by a modified Barry test method [7]. Table 2 gives the results. Table 2 shows that mixtures of terpenes and sesquiterpenes from carrot-seed EO exhibited a high antimicrobial activity and possibly protect seeds from bacterial and fungal infection. Pure α-asarone exhibited sedative and antipyretic properties; α-humulene, anticancer activity against MCF-7, PC-3, A-549, DLD-...

Chemical Composition Variability of Essential Oils of Daucus gracilis Steinh. from Algeria

“…e Normalized Percentages are given on the apolar column except for components with identical RI a (percentages are given on the polar column). f RI: Retention Indices; MS: Mass Spectra in EI mode; Ref: Compounds identified from literature data: K€ onig et al [38] (46), Adams [39] (28), Mc Lafferty and Stauffer [40] (8,17,19,20,29,32,33,38 Chemical Variability of D. gracilis Essential Oils Cluster Analysis According to Major Compounds. Twenty oil samples obtained in Algeria and the collective essential oil were investigated in order to obtain a better insight into the chemical variability of D. gracilis oils.…”

“…The main components of the Daucus essential oils described in the literature are characterized by the occurrence of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylpropanoid compounds . Several investigations dealt with the chemical compositions of the essential oils of D. carota and its subspecies.…”

The study of volatile fractions of carrot raw material of “Bright” and “Nantes Kharkiv” varieties

“…Ефірна олія плодів моркви посівної проявляє антимікробну активність по відношенню до таких мікроорганізмів як Candida albicans та Staphylococcus aureus [5]. Крім того, для ефірних олій встановлено антиоксидантну активність [6].…”

Bioactive Phenylpropanoids from Daucus crinitus Desf. from Algeria

“…, etc. The biological activities of Daucus essential oils, mostly Daucus carota ssp., have been reported in several studies, which emphasized their antibacterial − and antifungal , − activities, which were, however, rarely attributed to single constituents .…”