Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Citrus essences on honeybee bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae, the causal agent of American foulbrood

Abstract

Antimicrobial properties and chemical composition of four citrus fruit essential oils to control Paenibacillus larvae, the causal agent of American foulbrood disease (AFB) were determined. This honeybee larvae disease occurs throughout the world and is found in many beekeeping areas of Argentina. Citrus fruit essential oils tested were those from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), mandarin (Citrus nobilis) and lemon (Citrus limon). The components of the essential oils were identified by SPME-GC/MS analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the oils against P. larvae were determined by the broth microdilution method. Two way ANOVA tests for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) data and minimal bactericide concentrations (MBCs) data, indicated significant differences between the strains and the oils tested. The antimicrobial assays showed that the oil of C. paradisi inhibited the bacterial strains at the lowest concentrations tested, MICs and MBCs averages of 385.0 mg/l and 770.0 mg/l, respectively. This property could be attributed to the kind and percentage of the volatile components of the oil, like limonene (69.9%) and myrcene (9.6%). The use of essential oils or their specific volatile components individually against pests related to food provision may represent an alternative scope for the control of this serious disease because it does not leave toxic chemical residues in honey nor in its by products.

In vitro antibacterial effect of exotic plants essential oils on the honeybee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae, causal agent of American foulbrood

“…Tukey's means separation test for MIC and MBC values indicated that the essential oil of citronella grass (C. nardus) and niaouli (M. viridiflora) were different from the other two essential oils tested (α < 0.01) and were no different between them in their response against the bacterial strains (Table 3). There is not literature about the efficacy of citronella grass and niaouli essential oils to control AFB, though there are previous studies about the use of natural products against the causative agent of this disease (Eguaras et al, 2005;Fuselli et al, 2006Fuselli et al, , 2007Fuselli et al, , 2008aFuselli et al, ,b, 2009Gende et al, 2008Gende et al, , 2009. Citronella grass and niaouli essential oils showed good antimicrobial activity, comparable to that reported by Alippi et al (1996) for savory (Satureja hortensis) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oils, with similar MIC values ranging from 250-450 mg L -1 and to Artemisia absinthium, A. annua and Lepechinia floribunda oils with MIC mean values of 416.7 mg L -1 , 401.9 mg L -1 and 393.6 mg L -1 , respectively (Fuselli et al, 2008b).…”

Efecto antimicrobiano del aceite esencial de Citrus reticulata sobre Fusobacterium nucleatum asociada a enfermedad periodontal

“…Aproximadamente el 80.3% de los compuestos presentes en cáscaras frescas de Citrus reticulata Blanco son monoterpenos (Sawamura et al, 2004). El terpineno, mirceno y pineno presente en las cáscaras de una gran variedad de mandarinas han mostrado tener una alta actividad antimicrobiana (Fuselli et al, 2008), se ha reportado que el tanino que se encuentra en extractos de cascaras de Citrus sinensis inhibe la síntesis proteica celular debido a la formación de complejos irreversibles con proteínas ricas en prolina (Shimada, 2006); esto permite comprender las propiedades biológicas de los aceites esenciales y los responsables de la actividad antimicrobiana contra microorganismos.…”

“…(Pittman et al, 2011), Mycobacterium tuberculosis y otras Micobacterias no tuberculosas (Crandall et al, 2012;Espina et al, 2011). El aceite esencial de Citrus aurantium, presenta propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias, ansiolíticas y antimicrobianas (Fuselli et al, 2008), presentando una mayor efectividad sobre bacterias Gram positivas (Tsai et al, 2008).…”

Phythochemical screening and antimicrobial activity phythochemical of essential oil from Lippia gracillis

“…Thymol, which was found to be in appreciable amounts in the LGEO, it has been reported to have a wide range of antibacterial and antifungal activity (Pattnaik et al,1997;Botelho et al 2007c;Fuselli et al, 2008). Botelho et al (2007c) have shown that C. albicans, was susceptible to Lippia sidoides essential oil and pure thymol and carvacrol.…”

“…They were also used in medical treatments and were known for exhibiting antimicrobial properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasite (Fuselli et al, 2008;Botelho et al, 2007c;Botelho et al,2009a).…”