Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Aerial Parts of Teucrium Polium L. Growing in Georgia

Abstract

Pharmacognostical study of aerial parts of Teucrium polium L., growing in Georgia, was carried out, main microscopic diagnostic signs were established. A study of the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts was carried out. The percentage of dominant components was determined by GC integration, the dominant components in the essential oil are sabinene (14.19%) and germacrene D (22.24%). From terpene family, monoterpene hydrocarbons (22.24%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (21.62%) are almost equal.The content of phenolic compounds in the aqueous, methanolic and chloroformic fractions of the residual plant material after hydrodistilation, was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu test. In aquaeous fraction total phenolic content was 22 ± 3%, in methanolic fraction 20 ± 4%, chloroformic -2.2 ± 0.6%. In methanolic fraction isorhamnetin, luteolin and caffeic acid content were determined.Fractions antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity were determined. Aqueous fraction showed cellular based (WS1) antioxidant activity (0.54 ± 0.05μg/ml). Methanolic and chlorophormic fractions exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity, 98% and 100% inhibition of NO production, at 53μg/ml and 48 μg/ml dose, without any significant toxicity.Methanolic extract from areal parts of T. polium revealed DPPH free radical scavenging activity.With the 1.998mg/ml concentration it exhibited inhibition of DPPH radical at 93.4%. IC50=0.399mg/ml.