Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sixteen Essential Oils against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus Isolated from Poultry

Abstract

Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus are two pathogens largely present among poultry. They can cause mild or severe forms of disease, and are associated with significant economic losses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of sixteen essential oils (EOs) and five mixtures against E. coli and A. fumigatus strains previously isolated from poultry. The study was performed with the following EOs: Aloysia tryphilla, Boswellia sacra, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus aurantium, Citrus bergamia, Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula hybrida, Litsea cubeba, Ocimum basilicum, Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita, Pelargonium graveolens, and Syzygium aromaticum. Moreover, the following mixtures were also tested: L. cubeba and C. citratus (M1), L. cubeba and A. triphylla (M2), A. triphylla and C. citratus (M3), A. triphylla, C. citratus and L. cubeba (M4), S. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum (M5). One hundred and ninety-one compounds were identified in the tested EOs and mixtures. MIC determination found good anti-E. coli activity with C. zeylanicum (2.52 mg/mL), C. citratus (1.118 mg/mL), L. cubeba (1.106 mg/mL), M. piperita (1.14 mg/mL) and S. aromaticum (1.318 mg/mL) EOs. Among the mixtures, M5 showed the best result with a MIC value of 2.578 mg/mL. The best antimycotic activity was showed by A. triphylla (0.855 mg/mL), followed by C. citratus (0.895 mg/mL), while C. aurantium, M. piperita, B. sacra and P. graveolens did not yield any antifungal effect at the highest dilution. The mixtures exhibited no antifungal activity at all. This study shows promising results in order to use EOs in the environment for disinfection purposes in poultry farms and/or in hatcheries.

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus and Malassezia Strains Isolated from Canine Dermatitis

“…isolated from human patients, with MIC values higher (35-140 mg/mL) than the value observed in the present study. Moreover, this EO showed a good activity against Aspergillus fumigatus in a previous study [49] and a poor effectiveness versus the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [50], indicating a variable efficacy against different species of both molds and yeasts. The antifungal activity seems to be related to a higher content of limonene and sabinene, in comparison with the other EOs.…”

“…These results are in agreement with findings reported by Bismarck et al [52] and Sim et al [56] in otologic canine isolates. This EO, in fact, although poorly effective against molds such as A. fumigatus [49] and dermatophytes [55], showed a strong antimicrobial activity versus Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and Escherichia coli isolated from poultry [50].…”

Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Citrus aurantium bergamia, and Copaifera officinalis Alone and in Combination with Calcium Hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis

“…Our study also showed that bergamot was effective against E. faecalis, with MICs of 219.25 mg/ml for the pure essential oil and of 169.5 mg/ml for the combination with calcium hydroxide. e few studies on the antimicrobial activity of bergamot were unable to demonstrate effectiveness against microorganisms such as E. coli [29]. Mixtures of different essential oils were also tested, but they were only effective at a very high concentration [30].…”

ESTUDO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DO EXTRATO BRUTO HIDROALCOÓLICO DO CAPIM-CIDREIRA (Cymbopogon citratus) PELO MÉTODO DPPH

“…Seu uso comercial baseia-se principalmente em preparações para o chá e ainda a utilização de substâncias extraídas da planta, especialmente do óleo essencial, utilizado na indústria de alimentos e cosméticos (DUBEY et al, 1997). O chá do capim cidreira é indicado popularmente para o stress, dor, febre, tosse e alterações digestivas, sendo que constituintes extraídos do óleo essencial da planta demonstra efeitos antiespasmódico, antibacteriano, analgésico (COSTA et al, 2005;EKPENYONG, 2015;EBANI, 2018), fungicida (ALMEIDA et al 2008;BOUKHATEM, 2014), ansiolítica e sedativa (BLANCO et al 2009).…”