Chemical composition and oxidative potential of atmospheric particles heavily impacted by residential wood burning in the alpine region of northern Italy

Pietrogrande, Maria Chiara; Bertoli, Ilaria; Clauser, Giuseppe; Dalpiaz, Cristina; Dell’Anna, Rossana; Lazzeri, P.; Lenzi, Walter; Russo, Mara

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118360

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…S2), which were mainly located in regions II and IV, respectively. These bands in the same range as peaks T 1 and T 2 have previously been identified in the EEM fluorescence spectra of water-soluble organic matter from rainwater/fog water (Santos et al, 2009(Santos et al, , 2012 and PM 2.5 in an industrial city in northwest China (Qin et al, 2018). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: The Eem Fluorescence Propertiessupporting

confidence: 72%

“…In general, the different regions in the fluorescence spectra can be associated with organic fractions with different chemical characteristics (Table S1) (Chen et al, 2003;Cui et al, 2016;Qin et al, 2018). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: The Eem Fluorescence Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bustion of cherry leaves (16 %), gingko tree leaves (6.0 %) (Park et al, 2013), corn straw (5.9 %), pine branches (6.4 %) (Fan et al, 2016), and residential coal (4 %-11 %) and in the ambient PM 2.5 from rural and urban sites (4 %-13 %) (Matos et al, 2015;Qin et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2020). This suggests that both BB and CC can release substantial amounts of water-soluble BrC into atmospheric aerosols.…”

Section: Oxidative Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluorescence spectroscopy is a highly sensitive analytical technique for the identification of the sources and types of fluorophores in natural organic matter. In recent decades, fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely used to character-ize the fluorophores of atmospheric BrC in field and laboratory studies (Chen et al, 2017(Chen et al, , 2016Qin et al, 2018;Fan et al, 2020). The typical EEM spectra of WSOC, HULIS-C, and MSOC fractions from BB and CC are shown in Fig.…”

Section: The Eem Fluorescence Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Fig. S2, the EEM spectra were divided into five regions: protein-like amino acid (I), protein-like UV region (II, peak T 1 ), fulvic-like (III), tryptophan-like or microbial byproducts (IV, peak T 2 ), and humic-like (V) fluorophores (Qin et al, 2018;Cui et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2016). It was observed that the WSOC and HULIS-C fractions exhibited two types of fluorescence peaks at λ ex /λ em ≈ (220-240)/(350-390) nm (peak T 1 ) and λ ex /λ em ≈ (260-300)/(240-380) nm (peak T 2 ) (as marked in Fig.…”

Section: The Eem Fluorescence Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical composition, optical properties, and oxidative potential of water- and methanol-soluble organic compounds emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and coal

Cao

Zou

et al. 2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion (CC) are important sources of brown carbon (BrC) in ambient aerosols. In this study, six biomass materials and five types of coal were combusted to generate fine smoke particles. The BrC fractions, including water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), humic-like substance carbon (HULIS-C), and methanol-soluble organic carbon (MSOC), were subsequently fractionated, and their optical properties and chemical structures were then comprehensively investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), and fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy combined with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. In addition, the oxidative potential (OP) of BB and CC BrC was measured with the dithiothreitol (DTT) method. The results showed that WSOC, HULIS-C, and MSOC accounted for 2.3 %–22 %, 0.5 %–10 %, and 6.4 %–73 % of the total mass of combustion-derived smoke PM2.5, respectively, with MSOC extracting the highest concentrations of organic compounds. The MSOC fractions had the highest light absorption capacity (mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (MAE365): 1.0–2.7 m2/gC) for both BB and CC smoke, indicating that MSOC contained more of the strong light-absorbing components. Therefore, MSOC may represent the total BrC better than the water-soluble fractions. Some significant differences were observed between the BrC fractions emitted from BB and CC with more water-soluble BrC fractions with higher MAE365 and lower absorption Ångström exponent values detected in smoke emitted from BB than from CC. EEM-PARAFAC identified four fluorophores: two protein-like, one humic-like, and one polyphenol-like fluorophores. The protein-like substances were the dominant components of WSOC (47 %–80 %), HULIS-C (44 %–87 %), and MSOC (42 %–70 %). The 1H-NMR results suggested that BB BrC contained more oxygenated aliphatic functional groups (H-C-O), whereas CC BrC contained more unsaturated fractions (H-C-C= and Ar−H). The DTT assays indicated that BB BrC generally had a stronger oxidative potential (DTTm, 2.6–85 pmol/min/µg) than CC BrC (DTTm, 0.4–11 pmol/min/µg), with MSOC having a stronger OP than WSOC and HULIS-C. In addition, HULIS-C contributed more than half of the DTT activity of WSOC (63.1 % ± 15.5 %), highlighting that HULIS was a major contributor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in WSOC. Furthermore, the principal component analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that highly oxygenated humic-like fluorophore C4 may be the important DTT active substances in BrC.

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Section: The Eem Fluorescence Propertiessupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: The Eem Fluorescence Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxidative Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Eem Fluorescence Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Eem Fluorescence Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Chemical composition, optical properties, and oxidative potential of water- and methanol-soluble organic compounds emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and coal

Cao

Zou

et al. 2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Oxidative potential of the inhalation bioaccessible fraction of PM10 and bioaccessible concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metal(oid)s in PM10

Novo–Quiza,

Sánchez–Piñero,

Moreda–Piñeiro

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has been related to numerous adverse health effects in humans. Nowadays, it is believed that one of the possible mechanisms of toxicity could be the oxidative stress, which involves the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different assays have been proposed to characterize oxidative stress, such as dithiothreitol (DTT) and ascorbic acid (AA) acellular assays (OPDTT and OPAA), as a metric more relevant than PM mass measurement for PM toxicity. This study evaluates the OP of the bioaccessible fraction of 65 PM10 samples collected at an Atlantic Coastal European urban site using DTT and AA assays. A physiologically based extraction (PBET) using Gamble’s solution (GS) as a simulated lung fluid (SLF) was used for the assessment of the bioaccessible fraction of PM10. The use of the bioaccessible fraction, instead of the fraction assessed using conventional phosphate buffer and ultrasounds assisted extraction (UAE), was compared for OP assessment. Correlations between OPDTT and OPAA, as well as total and bioaccessible concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(oid)s, were investigated to explore the association between those compounds and OP. A correlation was found between both OP (OPDTT and OPAA) and total and bioaccessible concentrations of PAHs and several metal(oid)s such as As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ni, and V. Additionally, OPDTT was found to be related to the level of K+.

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Pollution characteristics and oxidative potential of atmospheric particles at a typical rural area: A case study during the Chinese Lunar New Year

Jia,

Weng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Atmospheric Pollution Research

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Chemical composition and oxidative potential of atmospheric particles heavily impacted by residential wood burning in the alpine region of northern Italy

Cited by 17 publications

References 67 publications

Chemical composition, optical properties, and oxidative potential of water- and methanol-soluble organic compounds emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and coal

Chemical composition, optical properties, and oxidative potential of water- and methanol-soluble organic compounds emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and coal

Oxidative potential of the inhalation bioaccessible fraction of PM10 and bioaccessible concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metal(oid)s in PM10

Pollution characteristics and oxidative potential of atmospheric particles at a typical rural area: A case study during the Chinese Lunar New Year

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