Chemical composition and oxidative potential of atmospheric coarse particles at an industrial and urban background site in the alpine region of northern Italy

Pietrogrande, Maria Chiara; Dalpiaz, Cristina; Dell’Anna, Rossana; Lazzeri, P.; Manarini, Francesco; Visentin, Marco; Tonidandel, Gabriele

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.08.022

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Major elements (Al, Si, Fe, Ca, Cr, and Ti) were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF, e.g., [34]). Trace elements-such as B, Cd, Ce, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Tl, V, Zn, and Zr-were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), [23,24]. Ion Chromatography was used to quantify cations (Na + [23,34].…”

Section: Analytical Methodologies For Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trace elements-such as B, Cd, Ce, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Tl, V, Zn, and Zr-were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), [23,24]. Ion Chromatography was used to quantify cations (Na + [23,34]. Also sugars and anidrosugars, were determined by high-performance anion exchange chromatography combined with pulsed amperometry detection [24].…”

Section: Analytical Methodologies For Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were quantified using a thermo-optical analyser (Sunset Laboratory OC/EC analysers) [18,30], and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was analyzed with a total carbon analyzer instrument [23]. From these values, the contribution of prima (POC) and secondary organic species (SOC) to OC was estimated [24,34].…”

Section: Analytical Methodologies For Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical OP AA protocol is very similar to the OP DTT protocol. After controlled incubation of the antioxidant AA in the aqueous extract, the measurement of AA depletion over time is directly followed by the decrease of UV-Vis absorbance of the ascorbic ion at the wavelengths of 265 nm [23,24].…”

Section: Aa and Gsh Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim is to give a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of different contributions to OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The relevance of such an investigation is based on the large variability in the chemical composition of different PM size fractions in various locations across Italy, as a consequence of the strong differences in the density of anthropogenic sources and the orographic and meteorological characteristics [23,24].As the reviewed papers use different acellular OP assays, an additional outcome of our synthesis is the comparison among the sensitivities of various acellular OP assays to PM composition, emission sources, and particle size.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Review of PM Oxidative Potential Measured with Acellular Assays in Urban and Rural Sites across Italy

2019

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This work is an overview of the oxidative potential (OP) values up to date measured in Italy, with the aim to provide a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The summarized works used the common acellular assays-based dithiothreitol (OP DTT ), ascorbic acid (OP AA ), glutathione (OP GSH ), and 2 ,7 -dichlorodfluorescein (OP DCFH ) assays. The paper describes the association of OP responses with PM chemical composition, the sensitivity of various acellular OP assays to PM components and emission sources, and PM size distribution of the measured OP values. Our synthesis indicates that crustal and transition metals (e.g., Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn, and V), secondary ions and carbonaceous components (elemental carbon, EC, organic carbon, OC and water soluble carbon, WSOC) show significant correlations with OP across different urban and rural areas and size ranges. These chemical species are mainly associated with various PM sources, including residual/fuel oil combustion, traffic emissions, and secondary organic aerosol formation. Although the OP assays are sensitive to the same redox-active species, they differ in the association with PM chemical components. The DDT assay is mainly sensitive to the organic compounds that are mostly accumulated in the fine PM fraction, i.e., tracers of burning sources, and redox active organics associated with other markers of photochemical aging. In contrast, OP AA and OP GSH were mostly responsive to metals, mainly those related to non-exhaust traffic emissions (Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn, Sn, Cd, Pb), that are mainly accumulated in the coarse PM. Among the investigated sites, our synthesis shows larger OP values in Trentino region and the Po Valley, that may be explained by the high density of anthropogenic sources, and the orographic and meteorological characteristics, that favor the pollutants accumulation and aerosol photo-oxidative aging. ). The acellular version of the 2 ,7 -dichlorodfluorescein (DCFH) assay uses the enzymatic production of the fluorescent probe largely used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in living cells.The present work summarizes the PM oxidative properties up to date measured in Italy using OP acellular assays, with the aim of giving a general insight of PM OP across the Italian territory, that has not been reported yet, in spite of the increasing number of OP measurements carried out in Europe [6,[19][20][21][22]. In addition, the study reviews the association described in previous studies between OP from different assays with several inorganic ad organic components, that effect PM oxidative properties, i.e., metals, ions, and carbonaceous components. The aim is to give a picture of the spatial and seasonal variability of different contributions to OP in the various geographical areas across Italy. The relevance of such an investigation is based on the large variability in the chemical composition of different PM size fractions in various locations across Italy, as a consequence of the stron...

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