Chemical composition and ultrastructural changes in Scots pine needles in a forest decline area in southwestern Finland

Palomäki, Virpi; Raitio, Hannu

doi:10.1007/bf00202494

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nowadays, microscopy is not only used to describe and evaluate the intensity of cell damage, but also to elucidate the underlying cause or mechanism, and to monitor the effects of particular stresses in the field (e.g. Palomäki and Raitio 1995;Kukkola et al 1997;Sutinen et al 1998;Vollenweider et al 2003). Intensive research in controlled environments over the past 40 years has considerably increased our knowledge of effects that natural phenomena and stresses have on the structure of plant foliage, particularly conifer needles (Holopainen et al 1992;Sutinen and Koivisto 1995;Fink 1988Fink , 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microscopic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) needles during ageing and autumnal senescence

Kivimäenpää

Sutinen

2007

Trees

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Needle ageing and senescence were studied in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees growing in natural conditions with minimal anthropogenic influence. The four existing needle generations were analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy before and during autumnal yellowing of the oldest needle generation. The change from green to yellow occurred within less than 4 days in central Finland. The structure of the oldest needles remained largely intact as long as they were green. Increase in mitochondrion size and hypertrophy of the phloem parenchyma were the only changes, probably related to the approaching senescence. In the yellow needles, the structure of the mesophyll tissue varied from nearly intact with reduced chloroplasts and higher numbers of plastoglobuli, to totally disintegrated cells. In the disintegrated cells, peroxisomes were absent, and chloroplasts were smaller with a patchy appearance and degraded, eventually emptylooking stroma. Mitochondria were enlarged, but retained integrity until the last stages of deterioration, and lipids increased. At the light microscopic level, vacuolar volume in mesophyll cells and cavity formation in transfusion tissue increased. Ageing was characterized by increases in the vacuolar volume and cytoplasmic lipids, altered appearance of vacuolar tannin from homogenous 'sandy', to large spherical drops and finally to a large mass in the mesophyll, and by hypertrophy and tannin accumulation in the phloem parenchyma. Changes related to needle ageing, senescence and cell location in the mesophyll tissue were discussed relative to findings with stress by strong light, weather conditions and ozone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microscopic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) needles during ageing and autumnal senescence

Kivimäenpää

Sutinen

2007

Trees

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“…Potassium deficiency and zinc levels above toxicity tolerance characterize the disturbed nutrient status of declined Scots pines. So, as shown in other studies (Lamppu and Huttunen 2003;Palomaki and Raitio 1995) foliar analyses could be used for early detection of pine decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Afflicted Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) were found to suffer from a deficiency in calcium and magnesium (Palomaki and Raitio 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and biochemical changes in needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands at different stages of decline in Bulgaria

Tzvetkova

Hadjiivanova

2006

Trees

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Water content was decreased in the needles of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) with moderate and slight levels of stress-induced decline. In pines with moderate decline a misbalance of foliar nutritional elements was observed. In 1-year-old needles of afflicted pines, the content of potassium and calcium was decreased, but the content of phosphorus, magnesium, iron, manganese and of the heavy metals cadmium and lead was increased. In 2-yearold needles of damaged pines, the content of calcium, iron and of the heavy metal cadmium was decreased, but the content of phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and zinc was increased. Potassium deficiency and zinc levels above toxicity tolerance characterized the nutrient status of declined Scots pines. In the same pines chlorophyll a/b ratio was diminished in 2-year-old needles and the protein content was increased in 1-year-old needles but was decreased in 2-year-old needles.In the second phase of the study 25-and 40-year-old pines with slight decline were examined. An increase in the protein content of 2-year-old needles of 25-year-old declined pines and of both 1-and 2-year-old needles of older 40-year-old pines was observed. A 280% increase of peroxidase activity in 1-year-old and a 178% increase in 2-year-old needles of 25-year-old damaged pines were shown. In older 40-year-old damaged pines a slight increase only in 1-year-old needles was seen. The observed age-related decrease in peroxidase activity in older 40-yearold symptomatic pines might be responsible for the lower resistance to decline in older pines. Our results show that Communicated by R. Monson N. Tzvetkova ( ) clear but complex chemical and biochemical changes are observed in the needles of Scots pines in Bulgaria and that these changes hold promise for use as indicators of stress.

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“…Parmi les phénomènes souvent observés il convient de noter les effets des carences magnésiennes dans le jaunissement des aiguilles [6,7,9,19,28,29,31], le jaunissement et la chute précoce des aiguilles [30] les modifications de l'ultrastructure [24,38,39].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influence de la fertilisation sur la pérennité des aiguilles de jeunes Pinus sylvestris en plantation forestière

Ahmad¹,

Verger²,

Petit³

et al. 1998

Ann. For. Sci.

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Chemical composition and ultrastructural changes in Scots pine needles in a forest decline area in southwestern Finland

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Microscopic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) needles during ageing and autumnal senescence

Microscopic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) needles during ageing and autumnal senescence

Chemical composition and biochemical changes in needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands at different stages of decline in Bulgaria

Influence de la fertilisation sur la pérennité des aiguilles de jeunes Pinus sylvestris en plantation forestière

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