Chemical compositions and source identification of particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 2.5–10 ) from a scrap iron and steel smelting industry along the Ife–Ibadan highway, Nigeria

Owoade, Kayode O.; Hopke, Philip K.; Olise, Felix S.; Ogundele, Lasun T.; Fawole, Olusegun G.; Olaniyi, B.; Jegede, Olugbemiro J.; Ayoola, Muritala A.; Bashiru, Muniru I.

doi:10.5094/apr.2015.013

Cited by 113 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Since then, Pb emissions from motor vehicle gasoline have substantially declined, but vehicular exhaust emissions remain an important source of Pb emissions [15], owing to the sustained increase in the number of automobiles. The third factor, industry sources, results in an abundance of Cd (62.09%), Se (52.37%), Ba (46.30%), Sr (40.92%), and Mn (38.35%), which originate from steel metallurgy and nonferrous metal production [9,[39][40][41]. The contribution of this factor to PM2.5 was 22.9%.…”

Section: Source Apportionmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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An intensive sampling of PM 2.5 was conducted at a rural site (Gucheng) in the North China Plain from 22 October to 23 November 2016. A total of 25 elements (Al, Na, Cl, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Cd, Ba, Pb, and Sb) from PM 2.5 filter samples collected daily were measured using a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Cl, S, and K were the most abundant elements, with average concentrations of 2077.66 ng m −3 (range 118.88-4638.96 ng m −3 ), 1748.78 ng m −3 (range 276.67-4335.59 ng m −3 ), and 1287.07 ng m −3 (range 254.90-2748.63 ng m −3 ), respectively. Among noncrustal trace metal elements, the concentration of Zn was the highest, with an average of 397.74 ng m −3 (range 36.45-1602.96 ng m −3 ), followed by Sb and Pb, on average, of 299.20 ng m −3 and 184.52 ng m −3 , respectively. The morphologies of PM 2.5 samples were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The shape of the particles was predominantly spherical, chain-like, and irregular. Positive matrix factorization analysis revealed that soil dust, following by industry, secondary formation, vehicle emissions, biomass and waste burning, and coal combustion, were the main sources of PM 2.5 . The results of cluster, potential source contribution function, and concentration weighted trajectory analyses suggested that local emissions from Hebei Province, as well as regional transport from Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, and Shanxi Province, and long-range transport from Inner Mongolia, were the main contributors to PM 2.5 pollution.

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Section: Source Apportionmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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“…Problem areas have been observed in Jamshedpur (Sivacoumar et al, 2001), Kolkata (Karar and Gupta, 2006) in India, IfeeIbadan, Nigeria (Owoade et al, 2015) and Beijing, China (Sun et al, 2004;Fang et al, 2009). In Europe, there were recent studies on air quality degradation from industry in Huelva, Spain (Querol et al, 2007), in Milan and Genoa, Italy , in Katowice, Poland (JudaRezler et al, 2011), and in Port Talbot, United Kingdom (Taiwo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Wood combustion, a dominant source of winter aerosol in residential district in proximity to a large automobile factory in Central Europe

Hovorka

Pokorná

Hopke

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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“…It accounts for 1.8 % of the MSW generated in south-western Nigeria (Olanrewaju and Ilemobade 2009). The high demand for iron rods and the availability of scrap metals became the major drivers for the growth of secondary iron and steel smelters in Nigeria (Owoade et al 2015). Scrap metals are recovered from MSW and recycled into products like iron and steel, copper, brass and aluminum (Onwughara et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal particles in the gaseous emissions, if not properly treated through proper/stringent pollution control, are released into the environment. Indeed, most of these industries in Nigeria lack installed control devices to control/reduce pollutant emissions (Owoade et al 2015). Depositions of pollutants may be at different distances away from the factory depending on the wind speed, particle size, atmospheric temperature, humidity and residence time of metal particle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological vulnerability assessment of trace metals in topsoil around a newly established metal scrap factory in southwestern Nigeria: geochemical, geospatial and exposure risk analyses

Ogunkunle

Varun²,

Dawodu

et al. 2016

Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei

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In this study, geochemical, geospatial and exposure risk analyses were combined to assess the ecological vulnerability to toxic metals of topsoil around a metal recycling factory in southwestern Nigeria. Samples of topsoil around the facility were collected and analyzed for Cd, Zn, Pb and Fe by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Enrichment factors (EF) with reference to local background values were calculated to assess the extent of contamination of the topsoil. EF values showed that topsoil was moderately enriched with Cd and Zn, while the Pb level in the topsoil was close to the reference value. Spatial mapping of concentrations indicated potential ecological hazard (PEH) from Cd at the N, SW and SE of the factory; isolated zones of Pb within PEH at the N and SE, whereas 70 % of the area displayed Zn concentrations at the PEH threshold. Mapping of EF Cd showed a differential pattern of EF levels, with isolated hotspots of extreme and high enrichments at the N and S, respectively. Ninety-nine percent of the studied topsoil around the factor was minimally enriched in Pb, while EF Zn mapping indicated minimal to moderate enrichment. The immediate surroundings of the factory are moderately enriched in Zn, while the extreme N was minimally enriched. Exposure risk assessment gives an estimated hazard index that implies no current risk of health hazards for humans. However, it is advised that an effective pollution control should be implemented, because there is the possibility of increased hazard as production continues.

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Chemical compositions and source identification of particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 2.5–10 ) from a scrap iron and steel smelting industry along the Ife–Ibadan highway, Nigeria

Cited by 113 publications

References 61 publications

Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain

Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain

Wood combustion, a dominant source of winter aerosol in residential district in proximity to a large automobile factory in Central Europe

Ecological vulnerability assessment of trace metals in topsoil around a newly established metal scrap factory in southwestern Nigeria: geochemical, geospatial and exposure risk analyses

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