Chemical Depolymerization of PET Bottles via Ammonolysis and Aminolysis

Gupta, Prashant; Bhandari, Subhendu

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811361-5.00006-7

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…TPA di-amide serves as an intermediate product that can be converted to p-xylylenediamine or 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane. Ammonolysis is much slower and expensive than aminolysis, as it requires higher temperature and pressure conditions and the use of a catalyst to increase the rate of degradation (Gupta and Bhandari, 2019).…”

Section: Aminolysis and Ammonolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

et al. 2020

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Plastics are very useful materials and present numerous advantages in the daily life of individuals and society. However, plastics are accumulating in the environment and due to their low biodegradability rate, this problem will persist for centuries. Until recently, oceans were treated as places to dispose of litter, thus the persistent substances are causing serious pollution issues. Plastic and microplastic waste has a negative environmental, social, and economic impact, e.g., causing injury/death to marine organisms and entering the food chain, which leads to health problems. The development of solutions and methods to mitigate marine (micro)plastic pollution is in high demand. There is a knowledge gap in this field, reason why research on this thematic is increasing. Recent studies reported the biodegradation of some types of polymers using different bacteria, biofilm forming bacteria, bacterial consortia, and fungi. Biodegradation is influenced by several factors, from the type of microorganism to the type of polymers, their physicochemical properties, and the environment conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, UV radiation). Currently, green environmentally friendly alternatives to plastic made from renewable feedstocks are starting to enter the market. This review covers the period from 1964 to April 2020 and comprehensively gathers investigation on marine plastic and microplastic pollution, negative consequences of plastic use, and bioplastic production. It lists the most useful methods for plastic degradation and recycling valorization, including degradation mediated by microorganisms (biodegradation) and the methods used to detect and analyze the biodegradation.

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Section: Aminolysis and Ammonolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

et al. 2020

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“…Most PET glycolysis depolymerization is widely studied in the presence of EG catalyzed by Zn 2+ (Zimmermann, 2020) and microorganisms such as Microbacterium oleivorans and Thermobi da fusca cutinase (Yan et al, 2021). Likewise, the aminolysis reaction could be used for the e cient depolymerization of PET polymer into terephthalamide derivatives (Gupta, 2019). The depolymerisation of PET polymer using various amines etc, allylamine, morpholine, hydrazine, and polyamines have been investigated (Langer et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recyclable Clay-Supported Heteropolyacid Catalysts for Complete Glycolysis and Aminolysis of Post-consumer PET Beverage Bottles

Jeya¹,

Elumalai

Tajuddin

et al. 2022

J Polym Environ

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In this investigation, the use of phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) as well as Zn 2+ containing kaolin and bentonite explored for chemical recycling of post-consumer poly(ethyleneterephathalate) (PET) wastes have been explored. The clay supported catalysts containing 5wt% of the metals and heteropolyacids (HPAs) are synthesized using wet impregnation method. The effect of metal ions and HPAs loading on the surface area, pore volume, elemental composition and crystalline nature of the kaolin and bentonite has been evaluated by nitrogen adsorption and desorption studies, SEM-EDX mapping, powder XRD, FTIR and XPS analysis. The total surface area of BET increased with a loading of 5 wt% of Zn 2+ , PWA and PMA on kaolin and bentonite, while the pore volume and pore diameter remain unchanged. SEM and EDAX mapping images showed that the heteropolyacids crystals are well dispersed on the surface and occupied interlayer spaces of the clay support. SEM-EDX showed that bentonite showed a better loading of PWA and PMA compared with kaolin. PET waste water bottles collected from the local market used for the chemical recycling process. The aminolysis reaction using Zn 2+ and PWA loaded on bentonite showed complete depolymerisation of PET wastes to produce 87-98% of BHETA. The glycolysis reaction using the above catalysts showed complete depolymerisation at 180-210 °C and yielded 78-90% of BHET. When comparing the clay, bentonite performed well in terms of heteropolyacid loading and afforded a higher yield of BHET and BHETA due to higher loading of Zn and HPA as supported by SEM-EDX and XPS. Reusability of the catalysts were also examined for glycolysis.

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“…Chemical depolymerization of PET bottles via ammonolysis and aminolysis in routes 6 and 8 in Figure 4 were presented by Gupta and Bhandari [ 111 ]. The aminolysis of PET yields diamides of TPA, which is known as bis (2-hydroxy ethylene) terephthalamide (BHETA).…”

Section: The Chemical Recycling Of Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Possibility Routes of Recycled PET

2021

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The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) application has many challenges and potential due to its sustainability. The conventional PET degradation was developed for several technologies to get higher yield products of ethylene glycol, bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) and terephthalic acid. The chemical recycling of PET is reviewed, such as pyrolysis, hydrolysis, methanolysis, glycolysis, ionic-liquid, phase-transfer catalysis and combination of glycolysis–hydrolysis, glycolysis–methanolysis and methanolysis–hydrolysis. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics and reaction conditions were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The recycling of PET is to solve environmental problems and find another source of raw material for petrochemical products and energy.

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Chemical Depolymerization of PET Bottles via Ammonolysis and Aminolysis

Cited by 36 publications

References 27 publications

Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

Recyclable Clay-Supported Heteropolyacid Catalysts for Complete Glycolysis and Aminolysis of Post-consumer PET Beverage Bottles

Strategic Possibility Routes of Recycled PET

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