Chemical differences between sapwood and heartwood of Chamaecyparis obtusa detected by ToF-SIMS

Saito, Kaori; Mitsutani, Takumi; Matsushita, Yasuyuki; Yamamoto, A.; Fukushima, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.05.145

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Recently, SIMS‐TOF‐MS imaging of wood surfaces has been used to show the location of the various types of inorganic ions . Tokareva and coworkers were able to measure SIMS‐TOF‐MS images of the different localization of the H‐lignin subunits using the characteristic ions at m/z 107 and 121.…”

Section: Desorption/ionization Ms Of Extracted and Synthetic Intact Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critique on the structural analysis of lignins and application of novel tandem mass spectrometric strategies to determine lignin sequencing

et al. 2015

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This review is devoted to the application of MS using soft ionization methods with a special emphasis on electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure photoionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) for the elucidation of the chemical structure of native and modified lignins. We describe and critically evaluate how these soft ionization methods have contributed to the present-day knowledge of the structure of lignins. Herein, we will introduce new nomenclature concerning the chemical state of lignins, namely, virgin released lignins (VRLs) and processed modified lignins (PML). VRLs are obtained by liberation of lignins through degradation of vegetable matter by either chemical hydrolysis and/or enzymatic hydrolysis. PMLs are produced by subjecting the VRL to a series of further chemical transformations and purifications that are likely to alter their original chemical structures. We are proposing that native lignin polymers, present in the lignocellulosic biomass, are not made of macromolecules linked to cellulose fibres as has been frequently reported. Instead, we propose that the lignins are composed of vast series of linear related oligomers, having different lengths that are covalently linked in a criss-cross pattern to cellulose and hemicellulose fibres forming the network of vegetal matter. Consequently, structural elucidation of VRLs, which presumably have not been purified and processed by any other type of additional chemical treatment and purification, may reflect the structure of the native lignin. In this review, we present an introduction to a MS/MS top-down concept of lignin sequencing and how this technique may be used to address the challenge of characterizing the structure of VRLs. Finally, we offer the case that although lignins have been reported to have very high or high molecular weights, they might not exist on the basis that such polymers have never been identified by the mild ionizing techniques used in modern MS.

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Section: Desorption/ionization Ms Of Extracted and Synthetic Intact Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critique on the structural analysis of lignins and application of novel tandem mass spectrometric strategies to determine lignin sequencing

et al. 2015

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“…Saito et al. showed that heartwood had a higher concentration of K and relatively lower concentrations of Na, Mg, Al, and Ca compared to the sapwood with a “drastic increase or decrease” of Na, Al, and Ca distribution in the transition zone.…”

Section: Origination Of Components In the Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry can analyze biomass samples that are prepared in various ways, including milled wood or powder, sectioned tissue, and small blocks of wood [11,16,17,28]. The size of milled biomass for ToF-SIMS studies has varied from 0.149 to 0.841 mm [16,18,21,22].…”

Section: Milling and Sectioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of these three different areas in Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) revealed that the formation of extractives during the sapwood to heartwood transition occurred within the ray parenchyma cells [28]. The ToF-SIMS was used to track the relative intensity of elements Na, Mg, Al, K, and Ca from heartwood to sapwood [28]. Saito et al [28] showed that heartwood had a higher concentration of K and relatively lower concentrations of Na, Mg, Al, and Ca compared to the sapwood with a "drastic increase or decrease" of Na, Al, and Ca distribution in the transition zone.…”

Section: Origination Of Components In the Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in understanding the surface chemistry of lignocellulosic biomass via time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Tolbert

Ragauskas

2016

Energy Science & Engineering

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Overcoming the natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is necessary in order to efficiently convert biomass into biofuels or biomaterials and many times this requires some type of chemical pretreatment and/or biological treatment. While bulk chemical analysis is the traditional method of determining the impact a treatment has on biomass, the chemistry on the surface of the sample can differ from the bulk chemistry. Specifically, enzymes and microorganisms bind to the surface of the biomass and their efficiency could be greatly impacted by the chemistry of the surface. Therefore, it is important to study and understand the chemistry of the biomass at the surface. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) is a powerful tool that can spectrally and spatially analyze the surface chemistry of a sample. This review discusses the advances in understanding lignocellulosic biomass surface chemistry using the ToF‐SIMS by addressing the instrument parameters, biomass sample preparation, and characteristic lignocellulosic ion fragmentation peaks along with their typical location in the plant cell wall. The use of the ToF‐SIMS in detecting chemical changes due to chemical pretreatments, microbial treatments, and physical or genetic modifications is discussed along with possible future applications of the instrument in lignocellulosic biomass studies.

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“…This MS fingerprinting approach has been applied to characterize numerous samples . For woods, ToF‐SIMS has been applied to different wood surfaces to detect or monitor aging, the spatial distribution of anionic groups, lignin and specific substances such as hinokinin …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood typification by Venturi easy ambient sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry: the case of the endangered Mahogany tree

et al. 2012

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Venturi easy ambient sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry in both its liquid (V(L) -EASI-MS) and solid sample modes (V(S) -EASI-MS) is shown to provide nearly immediate and secure typification of woods, as demonstrated for Mahogany, an endangered and most valuable type of tropical wood. This reddish wood displays unique phytochemical markers (phragmalin-type limonoids) which are rapidly detected from the wood surface by V(S) -EASI-MS or from a simple methanol extract of a tiny wood chip by V(L) -EASI-MS. Unique profiles were obtained for Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) whereas genuine samples of six other similar types of woods, which are commonly falsified by artificial coloring and commercialized as Mahogany, display also typical but dissimilar pythochemical profiles as compared to that of the authentic wood. Variable and atypical chemical profiles were observed for artificially colored woods. Secure chemical characterization via V(S) -EASI-MS or V(s) -EASI-MS fingerprints of Mahogany and other types of woods with similar appearance should help to control the illegal logging and trade of this and other endangered woods and their falsification, and to create certified standards.

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Chemical differences between sapwood and heartwood of Chamaecyparis obtusa detected by ToF-SIMS

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

A critique on the structural analysis of lignins and application of novel tandem mass spectrometric strategies to determine lignin sequencing

A critique on the structural analysis of lignins and application of novel tandem mass spectrometric strategies to determine lignin sequencing

Advances in understanding the surface chemistry of lignocellulosic biomass via time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Wood typification by Venturi easy ambient sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry: the case of the endangered Mahogany tree

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