“…Many potential oxygen carriers are known, including various compositions of copper, manganese, iron, cobalt, or nickel oxides used as active materials, as well as aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, sepiolite, or bentonite used as inert materials [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Inert materials are added to extend the oxygen carriers' lifetime by reducing their attrition or improving their thermal resistivity.…”