Chemical pre-treatment

Kuklík, Vlastimil; Kudláček, Jan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100753-2.00003-3

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The mechanism of oxide layer removal by acid pickling has been widely investigated for some steel systems [ 16 , 18 , 74 ]. The main action is the attack of the acid solution of the underlying metal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, acid pickling, or chemical descaling , is a well-known technique that allows the removal of heat-formed scale from steel surfaces and extrinsic surface contaminants [ 16 ]. Pickling is interesting in terms of enabling a clean surface to facilitate subsequent treatments, such as galvanization or other chemical surface modification processes [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface processing for iron-based degradable alloys: A preliminary study on the importance of acid pickling

Andrade

Paternoster

Chevallier

et al. 2022

Bioactive Materials

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The formation of a heterogeneous oxidized layer, also called scale, on metallic surfaces is widely recognized as a rapid manufacturing event for metals and their alloys. Partial or total removal of the scale represents a mandatory integrated step for the industrial fabrication processes of medical devices. For biodegradable metals, acid pickling has already been reported as a preliminary surface preparation given further processes, such as electropolishing. Unfortunately, biodegradable medical prototypes presented discrepancies concerning acid pickling studies based on samples with less complex geometry (e.g., non-uniform scale removal and rougher surface). Indeed, this translational knowledge lacks a detailed investigation on this process, deep characterization of treated surfaces properties, as well as a comprehensive discussion of the involved mechanisms. In this study, the effects of different acidic media (HCl, HNO 3 , H 3 PO 4 , CH 3 COOH, H 2 SO 4 and HF), maintained at different temperatures (21 and 60 °C) for various exposition time (15–240 s), on the chemical composition and surface properties of a Fe–13Mn-1.2C biodegradable alloy were investigated. Changes in mass loss, morphology and wettability evidenced the combined effect of temperature and time for all conditions. Pickling in HCl and HF solutions favor mass loss (0.03–0.1 g/cm 2 ) and effectively remove the initial scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface processing for iron-based degradable alloys: A preliminary study on the importance of acid pickling

Andrade

Paternoster

Chevallier

et al. 2022

Bioactive Materials

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“…Carbon steel has a wide range of applications making it an important material that needs to be produced in large quantities at appropriate quality with the lowest possible costs [ 1 , 2 ]. A key production step serving this purpose is the pickling process (chemical descaling), which helps removing impurities and contaminants from the metal surface [ 3 , 4 ], most often using sulfuric or hydrochloric acid solutions. The use of such highly corrosive acids may lead to problems during pickling (e.g., over corrosion leading to material durability decrease, weight loss and industrial maintenance costs increase).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PickT: A Decision-Making Tool for the Optimal Pickling Process Operation

2023

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This research approaches knowledge gaps related to the pickling process dynamic modelling (the lack of predictability and simplicity of existing models) and answers the practical need for a software tool to facilitate the optimum process operation (by delivering estimations of the optimum corrosion inhibitor addition, optimum pickling bath lifetime, corrosion rate dynamic evolution, and material mass loss). A decision-making tool, PickT, has been developed and verified with the help of measurements from two different pickling experiments, both involving steel in hydrochloric acid. The first round of experiments lasted 336 h (each pickling batch duration was 24 h) and Cetilpyridinium bromide (CPB) was the corrosion inhibitor in additions from 8% to 12%. The collected dataset served for the tool development and first verification. The second round of experiments lasted 10 h (each batch duration was 2 h) and involved metformin hydrochloride (MET) in additions between 3.3 g/L and 10 g/L. This dataset served to test the transferability of PickT to other operating conditions in terms of corrosion inhibitor type, additions, batch duration and pickling bath lifetime magnitude. In both cases PickT results are in accordance with experimental findings. The tool advantages consist of the straightforward applicability, the low amount of field data required for reliable forecasts and the accessibility for untrained professionals from the industry.

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“…After its production before further processing carbon steel needs to be cleaned, pickled. Acid pickling, also known as chemical descaling, is the process in which an oxidized sample of metal is immersed in an aqueous acidic solution with the purpose to remove impurities, inorganic and organic contaminants from the metal surface [3,4]. In today's industry sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions are the most used in the pickling process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PickT: a decision-making tool that supports the optimal pickling process operation

Crișan¹,

Timis

Vermeșan³

2022

Preprint

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The knowledge gaps approached in this research are related to the dynamic modelling of the pickling process (the lack predictability and simplicity of the existing models) and to the process operation (its dependence on the initial conditions, such as the immersed surface, the immersed mass, and the corrosion inhibitor concentration). Original contributions regarding the identification of the optimum corrosion inhibitor concentration, the forecast of the corrosion rate and the appropriate timing for the acidic bath change, are offered with the help of a decision-making tool (PickT), developed, and verified with the help of measurements. Experiments consist in steel pickling (during 336h) in hydrochloric acid of industrial making (H2O:HCl, 1:1) with five different volumetric Cetilpyridinium bromide (CPB) as corrosion inhibitor. PickT has reliably and easy forecasted the corrosion rates, facilitating the estimation of the appropriate timing for the acidic bath change (250h) and of the optimum concentration of inhibitor of 12%. Results are in accordance with experimental findings. The tool advantages consist of the straightforward applicability, the low inputs requirements to make reliable forecasts and the accessibility for untrained professionals from the industry. From an industrial point of view, it supports decision to optimize the pickling process efficiency and facilitate cost savings: when to change the pickling solution, which is the optimum corrosion inhibitor addition, how much metal surface can be pickled using the same solution.

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Chemical pre-treatment

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Surface processing for iron-based degradable alloys: A preliminary study on the importance of acid pickling

Surface processing for iron-based degradable alloys: A preliminary study on the importance of acid pickling

PickT: A Decision-Making Tool for the Optimal Pickling Process Operation

PickT: a decision-making tool that supports the optimal pickling process operation

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