Chemical Profile and Antifungal Activity of Leaf Extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata against Macrophomina phaseolina

Abstract

Macrophomina phaseolina is a highly problematic fungus that causes diseases in hundreds of plant species. In order to search for an alternative to chemical fungicides for the control of this devastating pathogen, leaf extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata was assessed for the control of M. phaseolina. Five concentrations of leaf extract in methanol viz. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% (w/v), were checked against M. phaseolina. All these concentrations significantly suppressed the fungal growth resulting in 34–74% decreased biomass of M. phaseolina over control. GC-MS analysis of this extract showed the presence of 54 compounds. Squalene was the predominant compound with 24.11% peak area followed by vitamin E (8.96%). Other important compounds were hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester (6.21%), thiophene, tetrahydro-2-methyl- (5.68%), cyclopentanol (5.61%), neophytadiene (6.25%), 1-tert-butoxypropan-2-yl 2-methylbutanoate (6.03%), ibogamine-18-carboxylic acid, 12-methoxy-, methyl ester (2.95%), phytol (2.26%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (2.20%). Some of these major compounds might be responsible for antifungal property of methanolic leaf extract of T. divaricata against M. phaseolina.

Evaluating the Response of Glycine soja Accessions to Fungal Pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina during Seedling Growth

“…Charcoal rot infects the root tissue of a broad range of hosts, from corn to soybean plants within various growth stages and from seedlings to mature plants [28]. Currently, the commercially registered fungicides for M. phaseolina treatment are not available on the market [29]. The disease management strategies for soybean charcoal rot are not always successful due to the lack of elite-resistant cultivars on the seed market.…”

Amplicon sequencing identified a putative pathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina, causing wilt in African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) grown in Tanzania and Uganda

“…Further research is required to confirm the present results and inference. If these results/inferences are confirmed, then we need to develop and implement pathogen-specific management measures, such as using plant derived (Javaid and Khan, 2022) or synthesized (Zafar et al, 2022) compounds to inhibit M. phaseolina. The difference in putative causal agents between Uganda and Tanzania demonstrates the need for etiological studies before effective control methods can be developed and implemented.…”