Chemical Thermostabilization for the Preparation of Carbon Fibers From Softwood Lignin

Lin, Jian; Kubo, Satoshi; Yamada, Takatoshi; Koda, Keiichi; Uraki, Yasumitsu

doi:10.15376/biores.7.4.5634-5646

Cited by 44 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…175°C and an applied voltage of 20 kV, PEGL was successfully melt electrospun into fibers (Figure 4a). The average diameter of the melt electrospun PEGL fibers was 18.0 μm, which is smaller than that of conventional melt spun PEGL fibers (23.0 μm) (Lin et al 2012) but larger than that of AAL electrospun fibers (5.2 μm). To produce thinner fibers without changing the nozzle size, a small amount of solvent, DMF, was added to reduce the lignin concentration and the polymer viscosity.…”

Section: Melt Electrospinning Of Peglmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Inc. (Kyoto, Japan) to obtain a PEGL powder according to Lin et al (2012). Thermostabilization, carbonization and activation: Chemical thermostabilization of melt electrospun PEGL fibers was conducted as previously described (Lin et al 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SEM images in Figure 7a demonstrate that that the resultant PEGL-CFs maintained their fiber morphology with a diameter of 2.6 μm and that defects were observable on the fiber surface; these defects were likely caused by the HCl treatment during chemical thermostabilization and the thermal removal of a portion of the residual PEG moieties from the fibers (Lin et al 2012). SL-CFs with a diameter of 0.7 μm were obtained from the thermostabilized fibers, as shown in Figure 7b.…”

Section: Preparation Of Acfs By Carbonization and Activationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…When the treatment time was increased to 2 h, the resultant fibers became infusible. This was attributed to the release of PEG moieties from the PEGL by acid hydrolysis (Lin et al 2012), which resulted in suppression of the thermal mobility of PEGL fibers.…”

Section: Thermostabilization Of Pegl and Sl Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former produces thinner fibers than the latter, and it is more environmentally benign and less expensive because no solvent is needed in the preparation of the spinning dope. To achieve successful melt electrospinning, poly ethylene glycol lignin (PEGL) was applied that was obtained by organosolv pulping of cedar wood with PEG 400 (Lin et al 2012). PEGL was more thermally active with a lower glass transition temperature (T g ) and thermal flow-starting temperature (T f ) than AAL, which has been reported to be a fusible lignin (Uraki et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers

et al. 2015

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Electrodes has been prepared for application in an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) based on polyethylene glycol lignin (PEGL) and soda lignin (SL) derived from cedar wood. Fibers with a diameter of 23 μm were prepared by direct melt electrospinning of PEGL. Much finer fibers of 3.6 μm diameter were obtained by dry electrospinning of 70% PEGL in a dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution at 145°C. The dry electrospinning of SL alone in an alkaline aqueous solution was not achievable, but this was possible of a mixture of SL and polyethylene glycol (M w = 500 000) at a ratio of 99/1, which resulted in thin SL fibers with a diameter of 0.85 μm. These fibers were converted into activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by thermostabilization, carbonization, and steam activation. The specific Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface areas of the resulting PEGL-ACFs and SL-ACFs were 1880 m 2 g -1 and 1411 m 2 g -1 , respectively. PEGL-ACFs electrodes with an organic electrolyte exhibited an impedance of 1.6 Ω and a specific capacitance of 92.6 F g -1 at a scan rate of 1 A g -1 , and the SL-ACFs electrodes had an impedance and specific capacitance of 4.5 Ω and 55.6 F g -1 , respectively.

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Section: Melt Electrospinning Of Peglmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Acfs By Carbonization and Activationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Thermostabilization Of Pegl and Sl Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers

et al. 2015

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Carbon Fibers from Sustainable Resources

Delucis

Calado

d’Almeida

et al. 2017

Handbook of Composites From Renewable Materials

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Recent advances in low‐cost carbon fiber manufacture from lignin

Baker

Rials

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

588

479

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The confluence of two US energy policy mandates, the 2012 Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards and Renewable Fuels Standard #2, provide the opportunity to examine the possibility of high-value materials from lignin with increased depth. In this case, the desire to provide lighter, low-cost materials for automobiles to reduce fuel consumption, and to improve the economics of biorefineries for fuel production, have led to an increased interest in low-cost carbon fiber manufacture from lignin. For this review the authors provide the context of subject matter importance, a cost comparison of potential low-cost carbon fibers, a brief review of historical work, a review of more recent work, and a limited technical discussion followed by recommendations for future directions. As the available material for review is limited, the author includes many references to publicly available government documents and reviewed proceedings that are generally difficult to locate.

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Chemical Thermostabilization for the Preparation of Carbon Fibers From Softwood Lignin

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers

Preparation of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) from two types of electrospun lignin fibers

Carbon Fibers from Sustainable Resources

Recent advances in low‐cost carbon fiber manufacture from lignin

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