Chemical trace XRF analysis to detect sharp force trauma in fresh and burned bone

Rosa, Joana; Carvalho, Luís A. E. Batista de; Ferreira, Maria Teresa; Gonçalves, David; Marques, M. P. M.; Gil, Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2022.07.007

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Interference in the X-ray peak in the spectrum can be easily corrected, thus ensuring high accuracy and sensitivity easily. EDXRF and wavelength-dispersive XRF spectroscopy are used for qualitative and quantitative multi-element analysis of major, minor, and trace elements in archeological, geological, biological, industrial, food, and environmental samples and require minimal sample preparation. ,− The analysis of PTEs in the bentonite samples was performed with the help of the EDXRF spectrometer (Spectro Xepos, Ametek). The EDXRF spectrometer is equipped with an anode X-ray tube (50 W, 60 kV) consisting of a dual thick Pd/Co mixture. ,,,, The EDXRF spectrometer’s target modifier, which optimizes excitation by using polarization and secondary targets, has many different excitation conditions that guarantee the best detection of all elements from Na to U.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Levels of Potentially Toxic Elements Contained in Natural Bentonites Collected from Quarries in Turkey

Altıkulaç

Turhan

2023

ACS Omega

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Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are an important type of pollutant, causing constant and far-reaching concerns around the world due to their increase in the mining process. Bentonite formed by the alteration of glass-rich volcanic rocks is a smectite clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. Bentonite is an important mineral used in a wide range of applications in many fields such as oil and gas, agriculture, food, pharmacological, cosmetic, and construction industries due to its unique qualities. Given the widespread distribution of bentonite in nature and its use in a wide variety of consumer products, it is inevitable that the general population will be exposed to PTEs contained in bentonites. In this study, concentrations of PTEs in 69 bentonite samples collected from quarries located in different geographical regions of Turkey were analyzed by an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Levels of Potentially Toxic Elements Contained in Natural Bentonites Collected from Quarries in Turkey

Altıkulaç

Turhan

2023

ACS Omega

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“…Previous research on the identification and analysis of copper cable matrices due to overheating has been widely carried out, including analyzing the electrical conductor surface of copper cables using Sem, microstructure and mechanical properties of the wire also on Cu-Al using SEM [12], the influence of process parameters on surface quality and copper bond quality also with SEMEDS [13], investigation of Cu-P structure by overheating [14], which is based on the cable surface morphology. Meanwhile, surface analysis with XRF was previously also carried out for chemical trace analysis to detect sharp force trauma in fresh conditions and burnt bones [15], investigation of the impact of autoclave curing on the mechanical properties, heavy metal stabilization, and anti-microbial activity of green geopolymer composites [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Surface Matrix of Copper Cable in Jointing as the Effect of Increasing Current and Heating on Fire Application

Hasugian,

Hasan,

Rambe

et al. 2024

J. Technomaterial Phys.

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This research aims to analysis of the surface matrix of copper cable in jointing as the imfluence of increasing current and heating on fire experiment. The investigation makes it easier to observe parts of its material of the surface matrix changes of copper cable in jointing as increasing of heating. The study was observed the material surface of general requirements for electrical installations (PUIL) jointed cables and standard NYA ø 1.5 mm2 cables at current load of 50 A and 110A using HIROX digital microscope, XRF (X-ray fluorescence), Raman spectroscopy, and fluke infrared thermometer (FLIR). The results of the study were obtained that the PUILsample jointing heat cable reached of 201oC and 1087oC with heat standard cable of 25.6oC. The copper cable will melt when the cable reached in over heating of 1080oC that it caused the deformation of the cross-sectional area of the cable which are observed in changes in the surface matrix of the burned cable structure. This research can be used as scientific basic for inverstigating the caused of fires and the heat maximum application on the cables.

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Investigating gunshot wounds in charred bone with XRF spectroscopy: a technical note

Bonizzoni,

Mazzarelli,

Franceschetti

et al. 2024

Int J Legal Med

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The analysis of traces of injuries can be difficult in cases of charred human remains since the alteration and fragmentation are high. The aim of this study is to explore the use of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique as a screening tool for detecting and analyzing gunshot residues (GSR) on cremated and highly fragmented materials, as it is a technique that allows for fast qualitative investigations without altering the sample or requiring sample preparation. The study was carried out on two steps: firstly, on completed skeletonized bones to verify if GSR survive to burning; secondly, we considered a more realistic situation, in which soft tissues were present before the shooting. To this aim, nine adult bovine ribs, four retaining soft tissue, five completely skeletonized, were subjected to a shooting test using two types of 9 mm projectiles (jacketed and unjacketed bullets). The ribs were then burnt until complete calcination in an electric furnace. The entry wound of each rib was analyzed using XRF, revealing traces of GSR. The XRF analysis showed that all samples, except for one, contain Pb and/or Sb near the lesion. Furthermore, the samples hit by unjacketed bullets had a more significant presence of Pb in macroscopic yellow areas, which persisted when moving away from the gunshot. These findings could pave the way for the use of XRF technology, mostly when a fast and immediate scan must be done on osteologic materials by a conservative method.

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Chemical trace XRF analysis to detect sharp force trauma in fresh and burned bone

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Assessment of the Levels of Potentially Toxic Elements Contained in Natural Bentonites Collected from Quarries in Turkey

Assessment of the Levels of Potentially Toxic Elements Contained in Natural Bentonites Collected from Quarries in Turkey

Analysis of the Surface Matrix of Copper Cable in Jointing as the Effect of Increasing Current and Heating on Fire Application

Investigating gunshot wounds in charred bone with XRF spectroscopy: a technical note

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