Chemical Transport Processes as an Aid in Preparative Chemistry. Combination of Transport Reactions with Other Processes

Chemical Vapor Transport Reactions – A Historical Review

“…[65] These experiments confirmed Schäfer's assumption that the diffusion is the leading force of the gas motion. Under the same conditions Krabbes [66] studied the variation of the 16 O/ 18 O isotope ratio caused by transport phenomena using 18 O enriched iron(III) oxide with chlorine. He traced the phenomena back to different diffusion coefficients of the gaseous oxygen species.…”

“…Schäfer provided an overview of the theoretical and practical state of knowledge in a monograph, which was published 1962 in German, [17] in English, [18] and in Russian. [19] The fundamental works of Schäfer encouraged other groups to devote their research to this field.…”

The structure of Zn1 xMnxIn2Se4crystals grown by chemical vapour phase transport

“…The best single crystals were obtained using AlCl 3 for high Mn concentration compounds (x > 0.5) [12] and I 2 for low Mn concentration (x < 0.5) [13,14] as transporting agents in the reaction. About 5 mg/cm 3 of AlCl 3 (4 mg/cm 3 I 2 ) was added into the ampoules together with 1.5 g of reactants.…”

Crystal growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell absorber by chemical vapor transport with I2

“…The importance of fluid dynamics in determining the right growth conditions in such systems is well described by the literature [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The CVT crystal grower will often encounter dimensionless numbers such as the Grashof, Schmidt, Prandtl and Rayleigh numbers that serve for the description of the system, especially with regard to diffusion and convection.…”