Chemically coupled hydroxyapatite–polyethylene composites: structure and properties

Calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials

“…Other researchers used glutaraldehyde as a crosslinked reagent in various calcium orthophosphate-based biocomposites [388,392,500,502,503,520,525,585,621,646,649,917]. The interfacial bonding between calcium orthophosphates and other components might be induced by using various coupling agents and surface modifiers, such as silanes [192,234,337,540,[918][919][920][921][922][923], zirconates [225,337,339,914,924], titanates [225,337,924], phosphoric acid [543], alkaline pretreatment [722,725], polyacids [115,116,234], and other chemicals. Besides, some polymers might be grafted onto the surface of calcium orthophosphates [552].…”

“…Besides, some polymers might be grafted onto the surface of calcium orthophosphates [552]. Structural modifications of the polymeric matrices, for instance, with the introduction of acrylic acid [195,234,919,920], have also proved to be effective methods. For example, application of polyacids as a bonding agent for HA/Polyactive TM composites caused the surface-modified HA particles to maintain better contact with the polymer at fracture and improved mechanical properties [115,116,234].…”

“…Besides, chemically modified reinforcement phase-matrix interface was found to improve the mechanical properties of the biocomposites. Examples of such interface-modified biocomposites include chemically coupled HA/PE [919,920], chemically formed HA/Ca poly(vinylphosphonate) [283], and PLA/HA fibers [184]. These biocomposites are able to consume a large amount of energy in the fracture.…”

“…This interfacial adhesion improvement appeared to be much dependent on the chemical nature (pH and type of metallic center) of the coupling agents [337]. Several studies claimed that silanes do interact with HA [192,[919][920][921][922][923]. It was shown that a silicon-containing inter-phase existed between HA and PE, which promoted the chemical adhesion between the HA particles and the polymer.…”

Tailoring Cell Behavior on Polymers by the Incorporation of Titanium Doped Phosphate Glass Filler

“…[17,18] Concentrating on bone tissue applications and considering polymer based materials (filled polymers and composites), hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) or Bioglass are the most popular used fillers. [16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Other interesting materials are phosphate glasses, which have readily tuneable properties to improve cellular activity [27][28][29][30][31] or inhibit biofilm formation (antimicrobial glasses). [32][33][34] To date they were rarely used as polymer fillers.…”